# BPAprojects1978-1998

ProjectTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE MITIGATION/FLATHEAD LAKE - MONITORING

Milestones:
This project was initiated in 1992 after NPPC adopted Hungry Horse Mitigation Plan (November 1991, see NPPC program:10.3A.10).  Implementation as per NPPC direction upon adoption of Hungry Horse Implementation Plan (March 1993, see NPPC program:10.3A.11).  Cooperation with MFWP and USFWS to monitor program results.  Habitat improvement projects accomplished jointly with Polson MacAttack Committee, (structural enhancement), and City of Polson (stream restoration).  Flathead Lake and river creel census was completed.  This provided the baseline information needed for the M/E program. Status of fishery in Flathead Lake will be measured for later comparison after  mitigation program is emplaced

Publications:
Hungry Horse Fisheries Mitigation Plan:  Flathead Lake Angler Survey DOE/BP 60479-1

Results:
Lkt were consuming a large number of planted Kokanee. See 9101900 since this is a cooperative project. Fortunately this has been reduced.

ProjectShortDescription:
Monitor changes in the fish community of Flathead Lake to verify biological responses to Hungry Horse Dam Mitigation measures.  Evaluate techniques to reintroduce kokanee to Flathead Lake and attainment of criteria that define success of kokanee reintroduction.  Develop stream restoration projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Monitor changes in the fish community of Flathead Lake to verify responses to Hungry Horse Dam Mitigation measures.  Evaluate ways to reintroduce kokanee to Flathead Lake and measure success of kokanee reintroduction.  Develop stream restoration projects.

ProjectBackground:
This is a cooperative project on monitoring the effects of the Hungry Horse Reservoir Mitigation Plan with MDFWP and USFWS.. Beginning in 1995, this program included Project No. 9500400 (Libby Mitigation Plan), which is a program for development of a Plan for NPPC adoption (Section 10.3B1).

ShortTitle:
FLATHEAD LAKE - MONITORING FOR KOKANEE SUCCESS

LongTitle:
Hungry Horse Fisheries Mitigation Plan: Flathead Lake Monitoring for Kokanee Success


ProjectTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE MITIGATION/FLATHEAD RIVER MONITORING

Milestones:
Status of fishery in Flathead Lake was measured for later comparison after mitigation program is emplaced.  Project provided baseline information.  Installed erosion control structures in Coal Creek and Hay Creek.  Developed mechanism to remove fence from spawning grounds.  Installed spawning habitat structures in Elliot Creek. Creel work, fish census, and fisherman interviews were held.

Publications:
Flathead River Creel Report, 1992-1993 DOE/BP 60424-1

Results:
Status of fish stocks and fishermen preference will be used to make management decisions and evaluate success of fisheries mitigation, stream habitat improvements.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the status of the fishery in Flathead River above Flathead Lake as a baseline for future mitigation projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the status of the fishery in Flathead River above Flathead Lake as a baseline for future mitigation projects. Install instream structures in Coal, Hay, & Elliot Creeks.

ProjectBackground:
Information was needed on the status of fishery and fishermen preference in Flathead River above Flathead Lake.  Such information would be used to measure success of upcoming mitigation projects.

ShortTitle:
FLATHEAD RIVER FISHERY MONITORING & ENHANCEMENT

LongTitle:
Hungry Horse Fisheries Mitigation Plan: Flathead River Monitoring


Milestones:
Did bank work on Taylor's Outflow.  Rehabilitated Lion Lake with rotenone and replanted with cutthroat trout.  Installed erosion control structures in Coal Creek and Hay Creek.  Developed mechanism to remove fines from spawning gravels.  Installed spawning habitat structures in Elliot Creek.  Initiated the Big Creek improvement project; . Bull Trout redd surveys expanded to South Fork Flathead. Offsite work at Lion and Roger Lake completed for rehabilitation as identified in Hungry Horse Recovery Plan.   Assisted with Flathead Lake monitoring. and install streambank protection to Habitat improvements ongoing in the Flathead.  Loss assessments completed..  Integrated Rule Curves (IRCs) completed 1994, refined 1996.  Non-operational mitigation began in 1992, ongoing.  Loss assessment approved by NPPC; mitigation direction adopted in NPPC program.  Cost-share projects established with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (Technical Assistance Program, funding passage projects, zooplankton entrainment project), U.S. Forest Service (passage project funding, reservoir revegetation), Flathead Basin Commission (passage project budgets), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (off-site lake rehabs, fish passage projects), Trout Unlimited (Bootjack spawning inlet).  IRCs adopted by NPPC but not implemented.

Publications:
Hungry Horse Mitigation:  Aquatic Modeling of the Selective Withdrawal System - Hungry Horse Dam, Montana DOE/BP 60559-1;  
Hungry Horse Dam Fisheries Mitigation DOE/BP 60559-2

ProjectShortDescription:
Implement habitat restoration, fish passage improvement, off-site mitigation and monitoring pertaining to the Hungry Horse mitigation effort as directed by NPPC program amendments 1993.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Implement habitat restoration, fish passage improvement, off-site mitigation and monitoring pertaining to the Hungry Horse mitigation effort. Enhance Taylors Outflow, Lion Lake, Roger Lake, Big Creek, etc.

ProjectBackground:
Hungry Horse mitigation is a cooperative effort administered by MFWP and CSKT in cooperation with the USFWS.  Research phase began in 1982.  Results incorporated in computer model (HRMOD). The goal was to improve fisheries habitat by protecting or planting riparian vegetation, augmenting stream flows, and instream work.  Rotenone treatment was necessary in Lion Lake.

ShortTitle:
FISHERY HABITAT IMPROVEMENTS - FLATHEAD BASIN

LongTitle:
Hungry Horse Fisheries Mitigation Plan:  Fishery Habitat Improvements


ProjectTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE MITIGATION - KOKANEE AT CRESTON HTCH

Milestones:
Initiated in 1992 after NPPC adopted Hungry Horse Mitigation Plan (November 1991, see NPPC program:10.3A.10).  Implementation as per NPPC direction upon adoption of Hungry Horse Implementation Plan (March 1993, see NPPC program:10.3A.11).  Project 9101900 - Fish Production Coordinator - was merged with this program beginning in FY96.  Significant cost-sharing to this mitigation program has been contributed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, including dedication of 70% of fish rearing capacity at Creston National fish hatchery and contribution of resources for project management and monitoring.  6/94-Planted approx. 800,000 6" kokanee in Flathead Lake; 12/93-9/94 Reared as many kokanee as possible for stocking in 1995; 10/93-9/94 Hold 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year classes of kokanee broodstock fish to implement the captive brood egg production program, and continue the bull trout research program.  1994 broodyear were from the captive brood held. Continue to refine this program.

Publications:
Fisheries Mitigation Plan for Losses Attributable to the Construction and Operation of Hungry Horse Dam; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Kalispell and Pablo; March 1991; 71 pp.
Genetic Sampling Plan for Bull Trout in the Flathead River Drainage; Wade Fredenberg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Creston National Fish Hatchery; December 1992; 19 pp.
Planning Considerations for Development of a Low-Cost Bull Trout Isolation and Rearing Facility; Wade Fredenberg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Creston National Fish Hatchery; February 1993; 20 pp.
Hungry Horse Dam Fisheries Mitigation Implementation Plan; Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks and Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Kalispell and Pablo; March 1993; 43 pp.
Gas Supersaturation Monitoring Report, Creston National Fish Hatchery; Wade Fredenberg and Don Edsall, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, CNFH; November 1993; 17 pp.
Collection of Juvenile Bull Trout in the Flathead River Drainage, Montana; Wade Fredenberg, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Creston National Fish Hatchery; December 1993; 26 pp.
Flathead Lake Angler Survey; Les Evarts, Barry Hansen, and Joe DosSantos, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Pablo; February 1994; 38 pp.  
Hungry Horse Dam Fisheries Mitigation, Biennial Report, 1992-1993;  Hungry Horse Implementation Group;  June 1994; DOE/BP-60559-2, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon; 15 pp.
Evaluation of Thyroxine Content as an Indicator of Imprint Timing in Juvenile Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus); H. Galloway, A. Scholz, J. Hendrickson, R. White, M.B. Tilson, and W. Fredenberg; July 1994; Upper Columbia United Tribes Fisheries Center Fisheries Technical Report No. 50; Cheney, Washington; 35 pp.
Experimental Bull Trout Hatchery Progress Report, 1993-1994;  W. Fredenberg, P. Dwyer, and R. Barrows; June 1995; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kalispell, Montana;  29 pp. 
Kokanee Stocking and Monitoring, Flathead Lake - 1993 and 1994; M. Deleray, W. Fredenberg, and B. Hansen; July 1995; DOE/BP-65903-6, Bonneville Power Administration,  Portland, Oregon; 47 pp.

Results:
Planted fish will survive the winter of their first year.  Two year plus fish have been recovered the following spring.  Net pen experiments show that food is not a limiting factor for planted fish from stomach samples and condition factors.  However, predation from lake trout was significant.

ProjectShortDescription:
Produce fish to mitigate losses to Flathead as identified in the Hungry Horse Mitigation Plan that was approved by the NPPC; coordinate kokanee reintroduction and multiagency monitoring, and research on supplementation techniques for affected native fish.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Produce fish to mitigate losses identified in the Hungry Horse Mitigation Plan. Coordinate kokanee rearing at Creston NFH & reintroduction in Flathead Lake. Support multiagency monitoring, & research on supplementation techniques for affected native fish.

ProjectBackground:
This project facilitates the rearing of Kokanee salmon at the Creston National Fish Hatchery for stocking of Flathead Lake as part of the mitigation for construction and operation of Hungry Horse Dam

ShortTitle:
KOKANEE PRODUCTION  AT CRESTON NF HATCHERY

LongTitle:
Hungry Horse Fisheries Mitigation Plan: Kokanee Production At Creston National Fish Hatchery


ProjectTitle:
IMPLE OF ELISA-BASED SEGREG OF ADLT CHNK FOR BKD

Milestones:
Implemented ELISA technology at approximately 20 selected hatcheries rearing or releasing Chinook salmon above Bonneville Dam in the Columbia River Basin.  Tasks completed during the initial year of the project were designed to acquire the needed supplies, equipment, and training to begin to implement BKD-ELISA segregation.  Additional years of the project assessed the effectiveness of segregation by monitoring the prevalence of BKD among groups of fish during rearing. This will be the last year of this study.  Fish were segregated by ELISA Optical Densities into high, medium, and low groups.  Fish were segregated monthly from each group until release to monitor BKD

Results:
Implemented ELISA technology at Columbia River Basin Hatcheries.

ProjectShortDescription:
Transfer the BKD-ELISA technology to practical hatchery operations. Implement hatchery sorting for bacterial kidney disease (BKD).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Transfer the BKD-ELISA technology to practical hatchery operations. Implement hatchery sorting for bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Abt 20 hatcheries were selected for this project.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project is to transfer the BKD-ELISA technology to practical hatchery operations leading to improved health and survival of cultured Chinook salmon throughout the Columbia River Basin.  This project will bring together personnel from research, fish health laboratories, and fish hatchery operations to effectively integrate this important new technology into routine fish hatchery practices..

LongTitle:
Implementation of ELISA-Based Segregation of Adult Chinook Salmon for Control of Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD)


ProjectShortDescription:
This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project. It was deferred.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project. It was deferred.


ProjectShortDescription:
This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project

ProjectSummaryDescription:
This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project


ProjectTitle:
FEASIBILITY STUDY - HATCH DES ABOVE HELLS CANYON

Milestones:
There was not time or money for a detailed study of all the alternatives but a methodology was developed to narrow the  list of alternatives and sites and development of concepts for a joint facility or facilities.

ProjectShortDescription:
Study of the feasibility  for resident fish substitution in the area above Hells Canyon on the Snake River in Idaho.  Consideration will be given to the potential of a hatchery for the Sho-Pi and Sho-Ban tribes

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Study of the feasibility  for resident fish substitution in the area above Hells Canyon on the Snake River in Idaho.  Consideration will be given to the potential of a hatchery for the Sho-Pi and Sho-Ban tribes.

ProjectBackground:
BPA funded studies to investigate resident fish substitution in the region above Hells Canyon on the Snake River in Idaho. The contractor was to look at a broad range of options which would meet water temperature, water flow, water volume, incubation and rearing needs to determine feasibility and costs for such a facility.

ShortTitle:
STUDY PROPOSED TRIBAL TROUT HATCHERY (SNAKE BASIN)

LongTitle:
Feasiblity Study of Proposed Tribal Trout Hatchery above Hells Canyon


Milestones:
During the first 3 years, we have gathered valuable and unique data related to the smolt migrational timings of individual and combined populations of wild fish.  We have determined that timings of wild fish differ markedly from those of hatchery fish.  Wild migrations tend to vary considerably between years and streams and are protracted, whereas those of hatchery fish are consistent within groups and between years and tend to be constricted.  The overall timings of wild fish migrations also appear to be heavily influenced by seasonal water temperatures, particularly during the early portions of the outmigrations, whereas those of hatchery fish are not.  In addition, the data proved invaluable to NMFS and the Fish Passage Center from 1992-1994 for managing these ESA-listed stocks, particularly during drought conditions.  This need will continue into the foreseeable future.In 1994, environmental monitoring systems were installed in several selected streams to provide data which will be used to determine what environmental factors influence the migrational timings of wild chinook smolts. The Fish Passage Center will be provided with  timely updates each spring as the fish migrate through the dams.     Mark with PIT tags wild spring/summer chinook salmon parr in selected streams above Lower Granite Dam in Idaho and Oregon during summers/falls 1991-1996. In springs 1992-1998, intercept and automatically decode previously PIT-tagged  smolts at Lower Granite Dam

Publications:
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts DOE/BP 18800-1;  
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts, 1993 DOE/BP 18800-2;   
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts DOE/BP 18800-3;   
Monitoring the Migrations of Wild Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts, 1995 DOE/BP 18800-4

Results:
Results have demonstrated that timings of wild fish differ markedly from those of hatchery fish.  Wild migrations tend to vary considerably between years and streams and are protracted, whereas those of hatchery fish are consistent within groups and between years and tend to be constricted.  The overall timings of wild fish migrations also appear to be heavily influenced by seasonal water temperatures, particularly during the early portions of the outmigrations, whereas those of hatchery fish are not.  .In addition, the data has proved invaluable to NMFS and the Fish Passage Center for managing these ESA-listed stocks, particularly during periods of unfavorable water conditions. This research will provide information related to the timing of the outmigrations of various stocks of wild salmon in the Snake River.    Preservation of healthy wild stocks depends on knowledge of their downstream migrational characteristics, which can be utilized by management to conserve their genetic diversity.

ProjectShortDescription:
Collect time series information to examine migrational characteristics of wild ESA-listed Snake River chinook salmon stocks.  Mark wild spring/summer chinook parr with PIT tags; intercept and decode tagged smolts as they pass Snake and Columbia Rivers dams.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Collect time series information to examine migrational characteristics of wild ESA-listed Snake River chinook salmon stocks.  Mark wild spring/summer chinook parr with PIT tags; intercept and decode tagged smolts as they pass Snake & Columbia River dams.

ProjectBackground:
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) initiated a cooperative study with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) in 1988 to PIT tag Snake River wild spring and summer chinook salmon parr as part of the COE transportation research program.  This project continued through mid-1991, with outmigrating smolts monitored during spring and summer 1989-1991 as they passed Lower Granite, Little Goose, and McNary Dams.  Beginning in 1992, this work became part of the BPA funded Fish and Wildlife Program and a  6-year  study to examine the migrational characteristics of wild, ESA-listed Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon over a series of years spanning different environmental conditions was initiated.  Basically, the study involves collecting and PIT tagging wild parr in their natal streams during summer and monitoring them as they pass downstream through the hydropower complex the following spring.  The study also provides data for real-time management decisions in relation to flow augmentation, spill, and transportation efforts.

LongTitle:
Monitoring the Smolt Migrations of Wild Chinook Salmon Stocks Using PIT Tagging


ProjectTitle:
POST-RELEASE SURVIVAL OF FALL CHINOOK IN SNAKE RIV

Milestones:
The project started using BPA funding August 1, 1991.  Activities by year have included the following: Document the utilization from Hells Canyon Dam to the mouth of the Snake River and its tributaries by spawning fall chinook salmon (91-96).  Quantitatively describe the existing status of the physical habitat (water velocity, temperature, substrate, etc.)  conditions available to fall chinook salmon in the Snake River during immigration, staging, and spawning and develop the capabilities to predict habitat changes for an array of flows (91-96).  Estimate emergent fall chinook salmon fry production from redds in the Snake River and the sensitivity of production to changes in temperature and instream flow (93-96).  Survey reservoirs to identify subyearling chinook salmon rearing areas for further study.  Rearing areas are defined as locations where fish are concentrated and exhibit growth over extended time periods (92-93).  Estimate spatial and temporal utilization of habitats by subyearling chinook salmon for rearing (93-95).  Describe the characteristics of the habitats (e.g., water, temperature, velocity, depth, substrate, etc.) utilized for rearing by subyearling chinook salmon (92-96).  Conduct controlled laboratory experiments to examine the influence of selected physical and biological factors on disposition of fish to migrate (91-93).  Describe the physiological development of subyearling chinook salmon during freshwater rearing and migration (92-96).  Describe the seasonal development of osmoregulatory capacity of subyearling chinook salmon during their freshwater rearing (92-96).  Estimate if subyearling chinook salmon distribution in cross-sectional area of reservoirs and corresponding water particle travel time explain residence time of individual fish (93-96).  Estimate the timing of subyearling fall chinook salmon out-migrations (91-96).  Estimate travel time of subyearling chinook salmon through river reaches provided with experimental (low, medium, high and or pulsed) flow (92-96).  Estimate survival rate of subyearling chinook salmon through river reaches (on hold due to lack of experimental fish from Lyon's Ferry hatchery).  Estimate the adult contribution of subyearling chinook salmon marked at McNary Dam during the early, middle, and late segments of migration (91-96).

Publications:
Identification of the Spawning, Rearing & Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 21708-1;   
Identification of the Spawning, Rearing & Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 21708-2;   
Identification of the Spawning, Rearing & Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 21708-3;   
Identification of the Spawning, Rearing & Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 21708-4               
Connor, W.P., H. Burge, and R. Bugert.  1992.  Migration timing of natural and hatchery fall chinook salmon in the Snake River Basin. Pages 46-56 in Passage and survival of juvenile chinook salmon migrating from the Snake River Basin.  Proceedings of a technical workshop. Prepared by the Idaho Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Idaho Water Resources Institute, University of Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Western Division of the American Fisheries Society.                                                                    
Connor, W.P. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Stock and race identification of subyearling chinook salmon in the Snake River. A manuscript to be submitted to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management in 1996.
Connor, W.P. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Snake River fall chinook salmon early life history: past and present.  A manuscript to be submitted to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management in 1996.
Connor, W.P. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Fall chinook salmon spawning habitat availability in the Snake River.  A manuscript to be submitted to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management in 1996.
Garcia, A.P. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Fall chinook salmon spawning ground surveys in the Snake River.  A manuscript to be submitted to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management in 1996.
Tiffan, K.F. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Morphological differences between emigrating juvenile spring and fall chinook salmon in the Snake River.  A manuscript to be submitted to the Transactions of the American Fisheries Society in 1996.
Tiffan, K.F. and several co-authors.  In preparation.  Marking subyearling chinook salmon to estimate adult contribution in the Columbia River.  A manuscript to be submitted to the North American Journal of Fisheries Management in 1996.

Results:
Three annual reports  have been submitted to BPA.  In addition, the project releases weekly reports to interested parties during the spring emergence and downstream migration of fall chinook salmon and during fall spawning in the Snake River.   The results have been used in the decision making process for summer flows in the lower Snake River, for minimum flows during the winter and spring, egg incubation and emergence periods in the Hells Canyon Ranch, and for information in documents such as the Draft Snake River Salmon Recovery Plan Recommendations.  Information is provided to BPA, the Fish Passage Center, the Fish Operations Executive Committee, and numerous others.

ProjectShortDescription:
Identify the physical and biological factors influencing spawning, rearing, seaward migration, and survival of fall chinook salmon.  Examine post-release attributes of hatchery fall chinook salmon released into the Snake River to evaluate supplementation strategies.  Conduct M & E of supplementation releases from Snake River acclimation facilities.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Identify the factors influencing spawning, rearing, migration, and survival of fall chinook salmon.  Conduct M & E of hatchery fall chinook salmon in the Snake River and determine post-release attributes relative to supplementation efforts.

ProjectBackground:
Goals were to identify the physical and biological factors influencing spawning of fall chinook salmon in the free-flowing Snake River and their rearing and seaward migration in Columbia River Basin reservoirs

ShortTitle:
POST RELEASE SURVIVAL OF FALL CHINOOK IN SNAKE R

LongTitle:
Identification of the Spawning, Rearing, and Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Focus on: Post Release Survival of Fall chinook in the Snake River


ProjectTitle:
ANN CD WIRE TAB PROG-MISSING PROD WA HTCH (WDW)

ShortTitle:
ANNUAL CODED WIRE TAG PROGRAM -WEW  HATCHERIES

LongTitle:
Annual Coded Wire Tag Program -Washington Hatcheries (WDW)


LongTitle:
Annual Coded Wire Tag Program - Idaho State Hatcheries (IDFG)


ProjectTitle:
BONNEVILLE DAM JUVENILE FISH SAMPLING FACILITY

Milestones:
FY l992:  The COE began design and oversight of construction of juvenile fish monitoring facilities at Bonneville Dam.   1993: Initiate Design Memorandum. Started environmental and design work1994: Geology Report; 65% Design Memorandum Review; Value Engineering Study Project is on hold pending completion of siting evaluation of outfall -- will re-start in FY19961995, 1996: Plans and Specs; Environmental Assessment; Cost estimate; Final Design Memorandum1997: Complete Plans and Specs.1998: Begin construction

Results:
These facilities will be designed to allow for the evaluation of fish survival, transit time, and assessing various recovery strategies.

ProjectShortDescription:
Design  juvenile PIT tag detection facilities at Bonneville Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design and construct juvenile PIT tag detection facilities at Bonneville Dam.

ProjectBackground:
The Corps of Engineers will design and oversee construction of juvenile fish monitoring facilities at Bonneville Dam.  These facilities will allow for the evaluation of such parameters as fish survival, health, transit times, and can be an important factor in assessing various recovery strategies

ShortTitle:
BONNEVILLE DAM JUVENILE FISH SAMPLING FACILITY

LongTitle:
Design and Construct Bonneville Dam Juvenile Fish Sampling and Monitoring Facilities


Milestones:
This project involves the renting of surplus irrigation water from Idaho water banks and other sources, and releasing it from storage during the spring, summer, and/or fall months to improve anadromous fish passage conditions in the lower Snake River. 1991 - Purchased and released 80kaf for period 07/01/91 - 7/18/91.1991 - Purchased and released 50kaf for period 07/19/91 - 7/26/91. 1991 - Purchased and released 69kaf for period 07/27/91 - 9/11/91.1993 - Purchased and released 100kaf. Severe drought conditions, other agreements with the Bureau of Reclamation, together with prescriptive Biological Opinion language and failure of IPC to shape water at Brownlee, as well as other institutional constraints has resulted in limiting water purchases under this contract to 1991 and 1993.

Results:
Water for increased stream flow during migration time.

ProjectShortDescription:
Rent surplus irrigation water from Idaho water banks and other sources and release it from storage during spring, summer, and/or fall months to improve anadromous fish passage conditions in the lower Snake River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Rent surplus irrigation water from Idaho water banks and other sources and release it from storage during spring, summer, and/or fall months to improve anadromous fish passage conditions in the lower Snake River.

ProjectBackground:
Initiated as part of the Non-Treaty Storage Fish and Wildlife Agreement (NTSFWA, June 1990 between BPA and CBFWA).  Initially set up as a 3-year pilot project which functioned as a non-measure until incorporated in the Council's Salmon Strategy Measures.  Program Links:  Addressed improving passage conditions in the lower Snake River below Brownlee Reservoir by additional flow augmentation (Salmon Strategy Measures 3.3A and 3.3B; and Council doc. 94-55 Measures 5.2D.1 and 5.2B.1)  Linked to Project 9106700 - Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Feasibility/Coordination Study - Resident Fish and Wildlife - IDFG.  Idaho Power Company (IPC) has performed as the in-state entity for renting surplus irrigation water from Idaho water banks since 1991 under this contract.This project implements part of the Non-Treaty Storage  Fish and Wildlife Agreement (NTSFWA, June 1990) between the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority, and is related to the Non-Treaty Storage Agreement between the United States and Canada.  This project will be implemented by the Idaho Power Company (IPC) in 1991, with oversite by the Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Study Team (Study Team) consisting of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes and Nez Perce Nation, the State of Idaho, and the BPA.


ProjectTitle:
UNSPECIFIED AIWP REDUCTION FOR RPA F1107

ShortTitle:
BPA - UNSPECIFIED AIWP REDUCTION FOR RPA F1107

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Unspecified AIWP Reduction for RPA F1107


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for Endangered Species Review.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for Endangered Species Review.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ENDANGERED SPECIES REVIEW

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Placeholder for Endangered species Review


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for System Operation Reiview

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for System Operation Reiview

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Placehold for System Operation Review


ProjectShortDescription:
Design and construct adult and juvenile fish traps in various Yakima Basin locations.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design and contruct adult and juvenile fish traps in various Yakima Basin locations: Roza & Prosser Dams, Fogarty, Oak Flat, New Cascade, Vertrees #1 & #2, and Naches-Cowich Diversion sites.

ProjectBackground:
The project is for the design and construction of adult and juvenile salmon and steelhead trapping facilities in the Yakima Basin.  The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation will perform the design and construction oversight..

ShortTitle:
YAKIMA ADULT AND JUVENILE TRAPPING DESIGN

LongTitle:
Yakima Adult and Juvenile Trapping Facilities Design


ProjectTitle:
SPOKANE TRIBAL (GALBR SPRGS) HATCHERY - O&M

Milestones:
This O&M  project continues and hatchery is producing adequate results Production: 1991-1,708,087 Kokanee, 326,510 RBT; 1992-2,121,058 Kokanee, 508,195 RBT; 1993-1,783,638 Kokanee, 603,798 RBT; 1994-1,747,373 Kokanee, 454,124 RBT.  A production of 3.0 million kokanee salmon fry, 200,000 kokanee salmon fingerlings and 600,000 rainbow trout is expected in 1994 and 1995.  Overall products and milestones will be continuing increases in harvest rates of rainbow and kokanee salmon.  Angling pressure associated with increased number of fish available for harvest via hatchery production will in turn generate millions of dollars in revenue for the local economy. Water problems preclude meeting original production goals.  Studies ongoing to decide cost-effective solution.  An additional well may be drilled to provide increase in needed water and an oxygenation system may be provided. Continue artificial propagation to rebuild, enhance resident species in Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lakes.

Results:
Resident species mitigation for Grand Coulee Dam proceeding well.  Kokanee and Rainbow trout are being  reared for release in Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectShortDescription:
Operate and maintain the Spokane Tribal Hatchery  to provide a recreational kokanee fishery in Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lake.  Operate facility in conjunction with Sherman Creek Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Operate and maintain the Spokane Tribal Hatchery  to provide a recreational kokanee fishery in Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lake.  Operate facility in conjunction with Sherman Creek Hatchery.

ProjectBackground:
This restoration/enhancement project for Lake Roosevelt/Banks Lake fisheries is the result of cooperative effort between BPA, Spokane Tribe, Colville Tribe, UCUT, WDF&W, NPS. It was proposed in 1986 to restore and enhance kokanee salmon populations in Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lake by large-scale hatchery plants and restoring spawning runs in tributaries by outplanting reared fish for imprinting. It called for construction of two hatcheries:  Sherman Creek and Spokane Tribal hatcheries.  Sherman Creek used as egg collection & fry imprinting site.  Spokane hatchery used as egg incubation, fry rearing, and outplanting facility. Approved by NPPC and amended in 1987 Program. 1988-Formation of Lake Roosevelt Hatcheries Technical Coordination Team comprised of engineers, fisheries biologists, & hatchery personnel from coop agencies to assist in design/operation of the two hatcheries. June 1990-O&M Agreement signed off by BPA. Construction completed in April 1991- officially opened on 6/7/91. From experience of past outplantings, discovered that entrainment and predation took many of the fry after outplanting.  It has been decided to hold-over the fish until one year of age before outplanting to cut down on entrainment and predation.  This will use more space and cut initial numbers of the kokanee, yet the survival rate is estimated to be much higher.The hatchery, operated in conjunction with the Sherman Creek Hatchery, will provide kokanee salmon and rainbow trout for outplanting with Lake Roosevelt and Banks Lake.  These hatcheries were identified in the 1987 program developed by the Northwest Power Planning Council to partially compensate for the permanent loss of migratory fish blocked by the construction of Grand Coulee Dam.

ShortTitle:
SPOKANE TRIBAL (GALBRAITH SPRINGS) HATCHERY - O&M

LongTitle:
Spokane Tribal Hatchery(Galbraith Springs) Operations and Maintenance Agreement


Milestones:
Since start of operations 4/92, the following numbers of fish have been released into Lake Roosevelt:1992 - 976,925 fingerling kokanee, 45,714 yearling kokanee1993 - 902,749 fingerling kokanee, 85,321 yearling kokanee 1994 - 946,762 fingerling kokanee, 126,159 yearling kokaneeFall of 1994 will result in returns from summer 1992 kokanee releases into Sherman Creek, with repeat of this scenario for subsequent years In addition, SCH reared 10,000 kokanee captive broodstock during 1993 & assisted in Spokane Hatchery & Lake Roosevelt Development Association in production of 100,000+ yearling rainbow trout annually at Kettle Falls Net Pen site..

Results:
Production of kokanee for release into Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectShortDescription:
Establish a kokanee broodstock for future egg requirements; create and enhance the kokanee fishery within Lake Roosevelt and assist in rainbow trout rearing through the use of net pen operations on Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Establish a kokanee broodstock for future egg requirements; create and enhance the kokanee fishery within Lake Roosevelt and assist in rainbow trout rearing through the use of net pen operations on Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectBackground:
This project provides for operation and maintenance of kokanee hatchery on Sherman Creek, tributary to Lake Roosevelt.  Operating in conjunction with the Spokane Tribal  Hatchery, the Sherman Creek facility will provide for adult capture, spawning,  and imprinting.  Fish will be released into Lake Roosevelt for development of a recreational fishery.  Sherman Creek Hatchery was designed to rear 1.7 million kokanee fry for acclimation & imprinting during the spring, and to trap all available adults during the fall for collection and spawning operations.  Since the start of the Lake Roosevelt project, the operating plans have been modified to better achieve program goals.  These changes in strategies have been the result of recommendations through  the Lake Roosevelt Hatchery Coordination Team and were implemented primarily to: enhance imprinting, improve survival and operate the two kokanee facilities more effectively.  These have been in the form of changes to the yearly operating plans of both Sherman Creek and Spokane Tribal hatcheries..

LongTitle:
Sherman Creek Hatchery Operations and Maintenance


ProjectTitle:
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF YKPP

Results:
Environmental Impact Statement for the Yakima Fisheries Project.

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate issues relative to the environmental impact of the YKFP in the Yakima Basin and provide techical servide related to NEPA compliance activities.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Evaluate issues relative to the environmental impact of the Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project in the Yakima Basin and provide techical servide related to NEPA compliance activities.

ProjectBackground:
A contract with Pacific Northwest Labs (Battelle) to assist in the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement for the Yakima Fisheries Project.

ShortTitle:
EVALUATE IMPACTS OF YAKIMA  PRODUCTION PROJECT

LongTitle:
Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Yakima Production Project


ProjectSummaryDescription:
Write and edit BPA's comments on the Integrated System Plan.

ProjectBackground:
The integrated System Plan for Salmon and Steelhead Production in the Columbia River Basin was prepared by the Agencies and Indian Tribes of the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Authority.

ShortTitle:
WRITE &EDIT BPA'S COMMENTS- INTEGRATED SYSTEM PLAN

LongTitle:
Write and Edit BPA's Comments to the Integrated System Plan


ProjectTitle:
MISC PROGRAM SUPPORT INCL OFFSITE ROOM RENTALS

ProjectShortDescription:
Incidental costs for program activities/ rooms for meetings

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Incidental costs for program activities/ rooms for meetings

ProjectBackground:
This project number was established to account for offsite room rentals and miscellaneous program implementation overhead costs during FY 1991.

LongTitle:
MiscellaneousProgram Support Including Workshop Sponsership, Offsite Room Rental, Support of Planning Teams, Computer Programming, etc.


ProjectTitle:
MONITORING AND EVALUATION STATISTICAL SUPPORT

Milestones:
Project has evaluated the information content of historical tagging studies on Snake River salmonids. Specific accomplishments by year include:1991:  Report on historical brand release data for the Snake River.1992:  Report on a "straw man" smolt monitoring design for Snake-Columbia River systems.1993:  Report on adult PIT-tag returns. 1994:  Development and testing of Realtime PIT Forecaster statistical software using pattern recognition and neuro nets to predict the outmigration timing of spring runs of wild Snake River spring/summer chinook at Lower Granite Dam.1995:  Draft Report on testing of Realtime PIT Forecaster in 1994.  Refinement of Realtime PIT Forecaster and initial testing of Realtime Passage Index Forecaster statistical software to predict outmigration timing of summer/fall runs of juvenile fall chinook at Lower Granite Dam.Expand scope to include development of a proposal for two Monitoring and Evaluation Programs related to juvenile salmon passage as requested by ESA Rec has been on analysis and synthesis of existing mainstem passage data collected by the Smolt Monitoring Program and other mainstem research on wild and hatchery-reared salmonid smolts, with emphasis on wild threatened or endangered stocks and development of new approaches to assess their status.  Gained knowledge and understanding will be applied to improve the effectiveness of hydrosystem operations to improve the protection of these sensitive populations through the FCRPS

Publications:
Mortality of Yearling Chinook Salmon Prior to Arrival at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River DOE/BP 16570-1;   
Juvenile Passage Program:  A Plan for Estimating Smolt Travel Time & Survival in the Snake & Columbia Rivers DOE/BP 35885-3;   
Statistical Evaluation of Travel Time Estimation Based on Data From Freeze-Branded Chinook Salmon on the Snake River, 1982-1990 DOE/BP 35885-4;  
 Adult Salmonid Pit Tag Returns to Columbia River's Lower Granite Dam DOE/BP 35885-6;   
Pre-1994 Season Projection of Run-Timing Capabilities Using Pit-Tag Databases DOE/BP 35885-7;   
Evaluation of the 1994 Predictions of the Run-Timing of Wild Migrant Yearling Chinook in the Snake River Basin DOE/BP 35885-8;   
Evaluation of the 1995 Predictions of Run-Timing of Wild Migrant Yearling Chinook in the Snake River Basin using Program RealTime DOE/BP 35885-9

Results:
The products from this project will improve the quality of data on fish passage survival and reduce the risk and uncertainty in decisions on fish passage and water management.Information is being used to help design and direct future research efforts and determine reliability of existing information.  Historical data has and continues to be explored to reveal possible relationships between river conditions and salmonid survival, outmigration timing, speed and outmigration success.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop statistical methods to predict the timing of the smolt outmigration at Columbia and Snake River Dams in real-time and conveying results interactively to the fisheries community via the World Wide Web.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop methods to predict timing of smolt outmigration at Columbia and Snake River Dams in real-time & convey results interactively to the fisheries community via the World Wide Web. Improve matching of flow augmentation with migration of ESA stocks.

ProjectBackground:
Project was initiated in response to ESA listings and the need for synthesis of biological information and development of new methodologies for application in river management to improve protection of T&E stocks. This project is funded as a Task Order under the Task Order Agreement with the  University of Washington for "Fisheries Technical Assistance" to BPA's Division of Fish and Wildlife (Contract DE-AI79-87BP35885).  It represents a cooperative effort between the Quantitative Science Center at the University of Washington  and Don Chapman Consultants, Inc.  The filing of a number of Endangered Species Act (ESA) petitions for a selected few salmon stocks in the Columbia River Basin in 1990, created the need for more and improved information on the relationship of riverflow to the migratory travel time and survival of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system.    Specific objectives include:     1.  Assess the usefulness of existing PIT tag and freeze-brand data for evaluating the effects of flow on chinook salmon smolt travel time and survival in the Snake River drainage.    2.  Assess the usefulness of existing coded-wire tag data for evaluating flow-related survival of chinook salmon in the Snake River drainage.    3.  Evaluate the use of analytical procedures for estimating smolt survival in the mainstem Columbia and Snake Rivers.    4.  Develop study plan and experimental design for studies to investigate factors affecting the migration and survival of juvenile wild/natural and hatchery produced spring chinook above and through Lower Granite Reservoir.

ShortTitle:
EVALUATE RIVER FLOW  PERTAINING TO SMOLT SURVIVAL

LongTitle:
Compilation and Analysis of Data on the Relationship of River Flow to the Migration Travel Time and Survival of Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia River System


ProjectTitle:
GENETIC CONSULTATION FOR BPA                 (ESA)

Milestones:
The project provided BPA with genetic consultation relative to various projects and was covered by a task order agreement.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide for gentic consultation on various issues.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide for gentic consultation on various issues.

ProjectBackground:
This project was established to provide BPA staff with genetic consultation on various issues


Milestones:
The program's laboratory research has evaluated the effectiveness of various components of the NATURES concept in three post-release survival experiments conducted on chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). 1) In 1991-1992, fall chinook salmon were reared from swim-up to smoltification in 400-L raceways outfitted with cover, structure, and substrate.  These fish experienced a 50% increase in in-stream survival to a collection weir 2.2 km downstream compared to conventionally-reared salmon. 2) In 1994, spring chinook salmon were reared for 3 months in 400-L raceways outfitted with cover, structure, and substrate.  These fish exhibited 24% greater post-release survival to a collection weir 225 km downstream than controls when the fish were released in a clear-water situation.  However, when fish were released in turbid water conditions, there was no significant difference in post-release survival. 3) In 1993-1994, fall chinook salmon were reared from swim-up to smoltification in 5,947-L raceways outfitted with cover, structure, substrate, and an underwater feed delivery system.  These fish averaged 27% higher post-release survival to a collection weir 21 km downstream than their conventionally-reared counterparts.The use of live-food supplementation to increase the post-release foraging ability of hatchery-reared fall chinook salmon has also been investigated.  Replicate groups of fry were reared in six 2.4-m-diameter circular tanks and fed on two different diets.  Fish in three tanks received a standard, commercially available, pelletized diet, while those in the other tanks were given the opportunity to forage on natural live prey (mysids, mosquito larvae, chironomid larvae, and daphnia) prior to their daily ration of pellets.  When foraging ability of individual fish was examined in 200-L observation tanks, the trained salmon were found to feed on twice the number of familiar prey (chironomids) and novel prey (mayfly larvae) as untrained fish.  This suggests that live-food supplementation can be used to increase the post-release foraging ability of hatchery-reared salmon.In 1995, NATURES research is focusing on determining the efficacy of live food supplementation, refinement of submerged automatic feeding systems for delivery of pelletized diets, and in evaluating benefits of pre-release predator exposure on post-release survival of salmonids.Information on components of NATURES strategies have been accepted for publication as:

Publications:
Development of a Natural Rearing System to Improve Supplemental Fish Quality DOE/BP 20651-1    
In press:
Maynard, D. J., T. A. Flagg, and C. V. W. Mahnken. A review of innovative culture strategies for enhancing the post-release survival of anadromous salmonids.  Am.  Fish.  Soc.  Symp. 15:000-000                      
Maynard, D. J., T. A. Flagg, and C. V. W. Mahnken.  1995.  A review of semi-natural culture strategies for enhancing the postrelease survival of anadromous salmonids.  Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 15:307-314.
Maynard, D. J., G. C. McDowell, E. P. Tezak, and T. A. Flagg.  In press.  The effectiveness of live-food supplementation in improving the foraging ability of fall chinook salmon.  Submitted to Prog. Fish-Cult., October 1995.
Maynard, D. J., T. A. Flagg, and C. V. W. Mahnken, and S. L. Schroder.  In press.  Natural rearing technologies for increasing postrelease survival of hatchery-reared salmon.  In Proceedings of the 1994 U.S./Japan Natural resources meeting on aquaculture, Ise, Japan.  20 p.  Scheduled for publication in Spring 1996.
Maynard, D. J., T. A. Flagg, and C. V. W. Mahnken.  In prep.  Development of a natural rearing system to improve supplemental fish quality.  Report to the Bonneville Power Administration, Contract DE-A179-91BP20651, approx 200 p.  (Available Northwest Fisheries Science Center., 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112.)

Results:
The NATURES Program scientists have developed the New Innovative, Limited New Innovative, and Optimal Conventional Treatments as well as the response variables to be measured in the Yakima Fisheries Project test of supplementation.

ProjectShortDescription:
Define criteria for setting quality of hatchery fish for supplementation in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Define criteria for setting quality of hatchery fish for supplementation in the Yakima Basin. Utilize the natural rearing enhancement system (NATURES].

ProjectBackground:
The Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, in collaboration with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, has been conducting research to develop a natural rearing enhancement system (NATURES) suitable for producing "wild-like" fish from hatcheries.  NATURES research is currently directed at providing guidelines for the Yakima Fisheries Project test of supplementation.  However, NATURES has application to restoration of many depleted stocks of fish in the Snake River Basin (e.g., those listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act).  Development of natural rearing systems that minimize behavioral changes in hatchery-reared fish is identified as a priority [4.4.d] in the proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River salmon.Hatchery practices that induce domestication are considered prime factors in reducing fitness of hatchery fish for subsistence in natural ecosystems.  Present hatchery practices are geared toward mass-production under unnatural conditions (e.g., the fish are reared in the open, over uniform concrete substrate; provided no structures behind or under which to seek refuge from water current, predators, or dominant conspecifics; held at high stress-producing densities; surface fed; and conditioned to approach large moving objects at the surface).  It is probable that physiological, behavioral, and morphological modifications resulting from this unnatural rearing environment are major factors in the poor post-release survival of many standard hatchery-reared salmon.NATURES strategies for salmonids include rearing fish in raceways equipped with cover, structure, and natural substrates that promote development of proper body camouflage coloration, feed delivery systems that condition fish to orient to the bottom rather than the surface of the rearing vessel, training fish to avoid predators, exercising fish to enhance their ability to escape from predators, supplementing diets with natural live foods to improve foraging ability, reducing rearing densities, and utilizing oxygen-supplementation technology.NATURES strategies should provide "wild-like" fish from hatcheries that are more suitable for use in supplementation programs than conventionally-reared fish.  NATURES strategies also should help minimize potential genetic divergence between wild and hatchery-reared salmonids.Initial studies have demonstrated that NATURES strategies have the potential to increase post-release survival of hatchery-reared salmonids by 50% or more compared to conventional rearing methods.

LongTitle:
Yakima Supplementation Rearing System (NATURES)


ProjectShortDescription:
Proposed internal graphic support project which was not funded.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Proposed internal graphic support project which was not funded.


Milestones:
FY 1993:  Fabrication of group 2 screen assemblies.  FY 1994:  Fabrication of group 3 screen assemblies.  FY 1993:  Constructed group 2 sites and complete design of group 3 projects.  FY 1994:  Constructed group 3 sites and complete design of group 4 projects. Fabrication of Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 screens completed; Group 4 fabrication ongoing in FY95.The project is continuously reviewed by the Yakima Technical Work Group, which consists of representatives from Federal agencies, State agencies, the Yakima Nation, and irrigation districts.

Results:
The projects, when complete, will divert juvenile salmon and steelhead out of irrigation canals and back to the various Yakima River tributaries to continue their outmigration to the ocean.

ProjectShortDescription:
Fabricate fish screens to divert anadromous salmonids from Yakima tributary irrigation canals.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Fabricate fish screens to divert anadromous salmonids from Yakima tributary irrigation canals. Remodel or replace 66 screening facilities in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectBackground:
This is the screen fabrication element of the overall Yakima Phase 2 screening program.  The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation will perform the engineering and civil works construction for the 66 remodeled screening facilities in the Yakima Basin.

LongTitle:
Yakima Basin Phase II Fish Screen Fabrication


ProjectTitle:
HABITAT INVENTORY/FOOD ABUNDANCE DATA COLLECTION

Milestones:
This study, in conjunction with the Yakima Species Interaction Study, conducted by the Washington Department of Wildlife, determined food abundance and diet overlap of rainbow trout, juvenile steelhead, and juvenile Chinook salmon in the Yakima River.  The study bracketed periods prior to and following an introduction of hatchery reared steelhead and Chinook smolts.  To determine the impacts of increased salmonid production on resident trout populations, an assessment of the competition for food and a measure of food resource partitioning must be made.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the impact of increased salmonid production on resident trout population by making an assessment of the competition for food and a measure of food resource partitioning in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the impact of increased salmonid production on resident trout population by making an assessment of the competition for food and a measure of food resource partitioning in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectBackground:
This study in conjunction with the Yakima Species Interaction Study focused on species interaction.

LongTitle:
Yakima Habitat Inventory: Food Abundance for Rainbow Trout, Steelhead, and Juvenile Chinook Salmon


Milestones:
Developed long-term management plan, habitat evaluation, and MOA Implementation Phase I activities for the Pend Oreille Wetlands Project as associated with Albeni Falls Dam were completed.  Elements include a long-term management plan with detailed engineering design of enhancement measures, a Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP), and a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) concerning the implementation of wildlife mitigation actions. Initiate interim custodial management and project startup activities.  Property along the Pend Oreille River (436 acres) was purchased by BPA  for $427,185 in December, 1992; Interim management agreement and baseline data collected in 1993; Habitat restoration and enhancement efforts are ongoing; land transfer to BIA is expected to be completed in spring of 1996; cooperative efforts to date include: shreline shocase project with county, coounty CD, and NRCS.

Publications:
RKalispel Tribe of Indians Wildlife Mitigation & Restoration for Albeni Falls Dam:  Flying Goose Ranch Phase I DOE/BP 20287-1

Results:
Steps towards mitigation for Albeni Falls Dam.

ProjectShortDescription:
Protect, mitigate, & enhance 436 acres of wetlands and riparian habitat along the Pend Oreille River to benefit H.U.’s and target species associated with Albeni Falls Dam losses.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Protect, mitigate, & enhance 436 acres of wetlands and riparian habitat along the Pend Oreille River, WA, to benefit target species associated with Albeni Falls Dam losses.

ProjectBackground:
Construction of the Albeni Falls Dam had had a significant impact on wildlife and wildlife habitat in the region.

ShortTitle:
KALISPEL - PEND OREILLE WETLANDS ACQUISITION

LongTitle:
Kalispel - Pend Oreille Wetlands Acquisition


Milestones:
Purchase 164 acres for $199,500 in the Pend Oreille Basin as an addition to the Kalispel - Pend Oreille Wetlands or Flying Goose Ranch project.  (See project 9106000 for the purchase of the original 436 acres.  The wildlife effort here now includes 600 acres.

ProjectShortDescription:
Purchase a tract of land north of and adjacent to the Flying Goose Ranch as an addition to the Kalispel - Pend Oreille Wetlands project. Total project size is 600 acres.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchase a tract of 164 acres of land north of and adjacent to the Flying Goose Ranch as an addition to the Kalispel - Pend Oreille Wetlands project.  Total project size is 600 acres.

LongTitle:
Kalispel Pend Oreille Wetlands 2 (Additional Land Purchase)


ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL -KALISPEL PEND ORIELLE WETLANDS NEPA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Kalispel Pend Orielle Wetlands NEPA Development


Milestones:
BPA acquired fee title on two key pieces of land comprising the bulk of this project.  The Rolof property included 9,119 aces and cost $2,047,509.  The Welch property of 3,408 acres cost $952.075.   BPA also leased DNR lands (1,280 acres) for $31,747 annually. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife administers the tracts as a refuge for the Sharp-tailed grouse and other species. This project also focused on development of long-term management plans, conservation easement terms, prioritization of conservation easement areas, and BPA/WDW MOU for the Douglas County pygmy rabbit and Lincoln County sharp-tailed grouse proposals developed by WDW to address wildlife mitigation needs for Grand Coulee Dam.    Conduct management activities on the Lincoln County Sharp-tailed Grouse Project.  Developed management plan in 1992.  Completed NEPA and purchased 5,000 acres in 1993.

Publications:
Tracy Rock Sharp-tailed Grouse and Douglas County Pygmy Rabbit-Site Specific Management Plan [Z54];   
Sharp-tailed Grouse Management Plan, Columbia River Wildlife Mitigation-Grand Coulee Dam Project DOE/BP 1888;   
Pygmy Rabbit Management Plan-Columbia River Wildlife Mitigation, Grand Coulee Dam Project DOE/BP 1889

Results:
As of August, 1995, the project has permanently protected 13,953 acres of shrub-steppe habitat.

ProjectShortDescription:
Implement habitat protection, enhancement, O&M, and management activities on sharp-tailed grouse project lands in Washington.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Implement habitat protection, enhancement, O&M, and management activities on sharp-tailed grouse project lands in at Swanson Lakes (Tracy Rock) Lincoln Co., WA. Develop mangement plan and purchase land for the project..

ProjectBackground:
This project to protect the sharp tailed grouse of Lincoln County was proposed by WDFW in 1991 as partial mitigation for Grand Coulee.

ShortTitle:
SWANSON LAKES SHARP TAILED GROUSE MANAGEMENT

LongTitle:
Swanson Lakes (Lincoln County) Sharp-Tailed Grouse Management Activities


Milestones:
Elements included a long-term management plan, a Habitat Evaluation Procedure, and a Memorandum of Agreement concerning the implementation of wildlife mitigation actions. Also developed conservation easement terms and conditions. BPA funded the purchase of 77 acres for $42,000 in fee title. Through the MOA BPA also purchased  "habitat units" which then gave the tribe the ability to make arrangements by fee title, easement, etc. for an additional 1768 acres for $1,778,000.

Publications:
Wildlife Mitigation & Restoration for Grand Coulee Dam:  Blue Creek Project Phase I DOE/BP 20291-1

Results:
Steps towards acquisition of the Blue Creek Range wildlife tract.

ProjectShortDescription:
Protect and enhance approximately 2000 acres of riparian and upland forest area on or near the Spokane Reservation.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Protect and enhance approximately 1845 acres of riparian and upland forest area (Blue Creek Range) on or near the Spokane Reservation. 77 acres were acquired by fee title and the remainder by the tribe through an MOA.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project was to complete implementation phase I activities for the Blue Creek Range as associated with Grand Coulee Dam

ShortTitle:
BLUE CREEK WINTER RANGE - SPOKANE RESERVATION

LongTitle:
Blue Creek Winter Range - Spokane Tribal Reservation


Milestones:
The purpose of this project was to complete activities and analysis necessary for wildlife mitigation implementation on the South Fork Snake River. Phase I implementation project addressed riparian losses at Palisades Dam by developing a management and implementation plan plus Environmental Assessment for a 64-mile stretch of the South Fork of the Snake River.  Ancillary products were the development of conservation easement language, habitat priority areas, and habitat evaluation.  Phase II will consist of easement and fee acquisition and management plan implementation. Preliminary draft Management Plan and habitat evaluation/prioritization was completed as of March 1992. Final Draft Management Plan with public review completed by October 1, 1992. Developed programmatic management plan, and conservation easement terms and conditions, to address Palisades Dam wildlife mitigation on the South Fork Snake River.

Publications:
South Fork Snake River Programmatic Management Plan, Implementation Phase I DOE/BP 19065-1

Results:
Steps towards mitigation for Palisades Dam.

ProjectShortDescription:
Begin Phase II or implementation of mitigation measures identified in the Phase I Management Plan and Environmenatl Assessment currently being released.  Project addresses wildlife losses in riparian habitats due to the construction of Palisades Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Begin implementation of mitigation measures  addressing wildlife losses in riparian habitats due to the construction of Palisades Dam. Procede on projects along the South Fork of the Snake River.

ProjectBackground:
The project addresses hydropower impacts on wildlife caused by development and operation of Palisades Dam.

ShortTitle:
SOUTH FORK SNAKE WILDLIFE RIPARIAN PROJECT

LongTitle:
South Fork, Snake River; Palisades Wildlife Mitigation Project -- Phase I


Milestones:
This contract funded the A/E to provide the plans, specifications, design analysis, construction, and installation of a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tag Deflector System at the Little Goose and Lower Monumental Juvenile Fish Facility. .Design (drawing and specs) was complete in.  Facility was in 1992.  The PIT facilities at Lower Monumental, were operational by 1994.

Results:
PIT Tag facilities at Little Goose and Lower Monumental Dams.

ProjectShortDescription:
Installation of a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)  Tag Deflector System at the Little Goose and Lower Monumental Juvenile Fish Facility.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Installation of a Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)  Tag Deflector System at the Little Goose and Lower Monumental Juvenile Fish Facility.

ProjectBackground:
The Corps of Engineers constructed the Juvenile Fish Facility at Little Goose and Lower Monumental Dams.  Having the proper facilities at Little Goose and Lower Monumental Dams would enable conduct of special juvenile fish monitoring and research activities associated with ESA and increase the capability to measure the effectiveness of any Program action.

LongTitle:
Little Goose Pit Tag Facility  Improvement


ProjectTitle:
UMATILLA FALL CHINOOK MARKING PROGRAM        (ESA)

Milestones:
This project marked all of the fall Chinook being released into the Umatilla River in 1991.

Results:
All fall Chinook released in the Umatilla River in 1991 were marked

ProjectShortDescription:
Mark all fall chinook released into the Umatilla River in 1991.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Mark all fall chinook at Umatilla Hatchery released into the Umatilla River in 1991.

ProjectBackground:
All of the fall Chinook being released into the Umatilla River in 1991 needed to be marked.  This activity would move to and become a part of the operational budget for the Umatilla Hatchery starting in 1992.


ProjectTitle:
ICE HARBOR/LOWER GRANITE TRAPPING (CHF)      (ESA)

ProjectShortDescription:
Analysis and pre-engineering examination of ways to reduce straying into Snake River system through removal at Ice Harbor and/or Lower Granite dams. This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Analysis and pre-engineering examination of ways to reduce straying into Snake River system through removal at Ice Harbor and/or Lower Granite dams. This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.


ProjectTitle:
IDAHO WATER RENTAL - RESIDENT F&W IMPACTS

Milestones:
Phase 1 of the project was completed in October 1992 and included the identification of existing resident fish and wildlife resources in the upper Snake River Basin, habitat conditions, management recommendations, and water release strategies designed to protect or enhance resident fish and wildlife and their resources.  Phase 2 began in February, 1993 and focused on a biological appraisal of resident fish and wildlife habitat in the upper Snake River between American Falls Reservoir and the city of Blackfoot.  The purpose of the biological appraisal was to gather fish and wildlife habitat information in a portion of the Snake River that had been dewatered in 1992 due to irrigation diversions.  The appraisal mapped fish and wildlife habitat, developed habitat versus flow curves for several species of fish and wildlife, and validated the findings of an earlier Shoshone-Bannock flow study.  Current Phase 3 work will coordinate the development of an upper Snake River Basin resident fish and wildlife model in which annual requests for salmon flow augmentation and impacts to resident fish and wildlife are quantified through time in weighted useable area (WUA) and habitat units (HUs).   Coordination is taking place through the Snake River Anadromous Fish Water Management Committee and the Water Rental Technical Group.

Publications:
Phase I  Water Rental Pilot Project:  Snake River Resident Fish & Wildlife Resources & Management Recommendations DOE/BP 21416-1;  
Phase II Water Rental Pilot Project - Snake River Resident Fish and Wildlife Resources and Management Recommendations DOE/BP 21416-2;  
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Probability/Coordination Study Resident Fish and Wildlife Impacts- Phase III DOE/BP 35167-7.

Results:
Better fishery and wildlife data for the upper Snake River basin.

ProjectShortDescription:
Quantify changes in resident fish and wildlife habitat in the upper Snake basin resulting from the release of water from upper Snake River reservoirs (upstream of Hell’s Canyon Dam complex) for anadromous fish flow augmentation.  Develop a monitoring plan to routinely track water releases and habitat changes.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Quantify changes in resident fish and wildlife habitat in the upper Snake basin due to the release of water from upper Snake River reservoirs for anadromous fish flow augmentation.  Develop a plan to track water releases and habitat changes.

ProjectBackground:
This project is part of and subject to the terms of the Non-Treaty Storage Fish & Wildlife Agreement (June 1990) between BPA & CBFWA & is related to the Non-Treaty Storage Agreement between US and Canada.   Phase 1 has summarized resource information and provided management recommendations to protect and enhance resident fish and wildlife habitat relative to storage releases for the improvement of anadromous fish migration.  Phase 2 summarized biological, legal, and political developments, provided a biological appraisal of area between American Falls Reservoir and the city of Blackfoot, and included an accounting of 93-94 water releases out of the upper Snake, Boise, and Payette river systems..

ShortTitle:
IDAHO WATER RENTAL - FISH & WILDLIFE IMPACTS

LongTitle:
Idaho Water Rental Pilot Project Feasibility and Coordination Study, Resident Fish and Wildlife Impacts,


ProjectTitle:
BPA LANDS SUPPORT FOR YAKIMA SCREENS PH II

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for Yakima Screen Phase II effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for Yakima Screen Phase II effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - LANDS SUPPORT FOR YAKIMA SCREENS PHASE II

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Lands Support for Yakima Screens Phase II


ProjectTitle:
FISH HABITAT PROJECT REVIEWS AND EVALUATIONS

Milestones:
Arrangements were made to obtain interdisciplinary expertise, not limited to Fisheries Biologist, to perform field reviews of BPA Stream Habitat Restoration and Tributary Passage Projects.  A further objective was to obtain specific recommendations for improving future projects.  Evaluations were conducted in the Clackamas River, Fifteenmile, Trout Creek, John Day, and Grande Ronde River Basins of Oregon and the Salmon River Basin in Idaho.  A later contract agreement DE-AP79-92BP56463, task order #56463 with Don Chapman Consultants provided fisheries biologist and range conservationist expertise to make a presentation and participate in discussions on alternative grazing strategies that improve fish habitat.

Publications:
Field Review of Fish Habitat Improvement Projects in the Grande Ronde & John Day River Basins of Eastern Oregon DOE/BP 21493-1

Results:
Conclusions were that often habitat projects - especially those with instream structures - did not always address the most critical limiting factors.

ProjectShortDescription:
Utilize interdisciplinary expertise to perform field reviews of BPA stream Habitat Restoration and Tributary Passage Projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Utilize interdisciplinary expertise to perform field reviews of BPA stream habitat restoration and passage projects for Clackamas River, Fifteenmile Cr, Trout Cr, John Day River, Grande Ronde River  and the Salmon River Basins.

ProjectBackground:
here were questions whether habitat projects funded by BPA were meeting enhancement goals.  It was felt that recommendations from interdisciplinary expertise reviews of Projects should improve the quality of future Stream Habitat Restoration and Tributary Passage Projects.

ShortTitle:
FISH HABITAT PROJECT FIELD REVIEWS AND EVALUATIONS

LongTitle:
Fish Habitat Project Reviews and Evaluations


ProjectTitle:
RANGELAND GRAZING STRATEGIES TRAINING SESSION

Milestones:
Provided "Rangeland Grazing Strategies" training sessions at the BLM-Prineville District Office in Prineville, Oregon during the fall of 1992.

Results:
Established patterns for grazing seminars.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide for Rangeland Grazing Strategies training sessions in Prineville in 1992.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide for Rangeland Grazing Strategies training sessions in Prineville in 1992.

ProjectBackground:
An experimental training session on grazing was deemed important.  The instructors were to possess biologist, hydrologist, and rangeland management expertises.

ShortTitle:
RANGELAND GRAZING STRATEGIES TRAINING SESSION

LongTitle:
Rangeland Grazing Strategies Training Session: Provide Expert Services


ProjectTitle:
SNAKE RIVER SOCKEYE SALMON HABITAT           (ESA)

Milestones:
Limnological and fish life history studies, in preparation for lake fertilization, were continued in 1994.  Effects of different levels and applications of nutrient addition were tested in 1993 and 1994, using model ecosystems (limnocorrals) in two lakes.  Project activities in 1995 and 1996 complement the 1993 and 1994 work listed above.  Progeny from the captive broodstock program were released into Redfish Lake during 1994, and 100,000 and 15,000 juveniles are anticipated to be released into Redfish and Pettit lakes, respectively, in 1995.  The SBT's ongoing limnological and fish community research will enable them to predict sockeye salmon production potential within individual lakes, and recommend options for fisheries managers to increase the population of these fish.FY 1995:1.  Implement whole-lake fertilization test on Redfish Lake.2.  Continue assessment of O. nerka and predator/competitor fish populations in four Sawtooth Basin nursery lakes.3.  Continue limnological monitoring of nursery lakes.4.  Conduct hydrological surveys in nursery lake outlet streams as part of barrier modification feasibility study.

Publications:
Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) Habitat / Limnological Research DOE/BP 22548-1;   
Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat and Limnological Research DOE/BP 22548-2;   
Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat and Limnological Research DOE/BP 22548-3; 
Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat and Limnological Research DOE/BP 22548-4

Results:
Steps toward condition more conducive for survival of sockeye in Redfish Lake and vicinity.

ProjectShortDescription:
Investigate feasibility of restoring fertility of historic sockeye nursery lakes; if feasible, fertilize lakes; modify existing barrier dams at sockeye nursery lake outlets to allow passage and enumeration.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Investigate feasibility of restoring fertility of historic sockeye nursery lakes; if feasible, fertilize lakes; modify existing barrier dams at sockeye nursery lake outlets to allow passage and enumeration.

ProjectBackground:
In December 1991, the Snake River sockeye salmon was listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).  Project 9107100 is part of a cooperative effort by the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT), Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG), National Marine Fisheries Service, and Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to help rebuild the endangered population of Snake River sockeye salmon.  The specific objectives of Project 9107100, conducted by SBT, include:     1.  Restore fertility of nursery lakes to levels conducive to optimum sockeye growth.     2.  Modify existing barrier dams at outlets if nursery lakes to allow free passage of sockeye salmon, while providing barriers to rough fish where necessary.     3.  Determine O. nerka population characteristics and densities in the Stanley Basin nursery lakes in conjunction with IDFG.     All actions are monitored by the Stanley Basin Technical Oversight Committee (SBTOC).  The SBTOC makes recommendations to BPA on adult collection measures,  broodfish development measures, rearing and mating techniques, research protocols, monitoring needs, and genetic resource management measures.

ShortTitle:
ENHANCE SNAKE RIVER SOCKEYE SALMON HABITAT

LongTitle:
Enhance Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat and Conduct Limnologic Research


ProjectTitle:
REDFISH LAKE SOCKEYE REARING AND TRAPPING    (ESA)

Milestones:
Outmigrants  were captured from 1991 through 1993 and are being reared.  Rearing of offspring of 1991 through 1994 returning adults is ongoing..  Approximately 12,000 juveniles produced by the captive broodstock program were released into Redfish Lake in 1994.  A release of over 100,000 juveniles into Redfish Lake is anticipated in 1995.  FY 94: Eagle Hatchery - Completed development of second water supply.  Completed chilled water supply for adult maturation, incubation, and juvenile rearing.  Redfish Lake - Installed and operated net-pens for Brood Year (BY) '93 progeny.  Continued fourth year of trapping outmigrants from Redfish Lake.  Continued fourth year of adult trapping for returns to Redfish Lake.  About 12,000 juveniles were released into Redfish Lake in 1994.  These fish were of anadromous and captive broodstock origins.  Tags will be applied to evaluate relative outmigration success of groups.  Maturing broodfish of outmigrant and anadromous origins were released into Redfish Lake for volitional spawning in 1994.  These were tracked with sonic tags to demonstrate location of spawning areas. Collections l continued in Stanley Basin lakes to establish the relative abundance of predator and competitor species to evaluate if these would impact recovery of sockeye.  FY95:  Other Stanley Basin Lakes - Initiate net pen culture in Stanley and Pettit Lakes if progeny are available.  Establish whether existing O. nerka populations are producing outmigrants and evaluate their performance.  Operate adult trap as in last four years. Broodstocks of anadromous, outmigrant, and residual origins will continue to be reared and spawned to produce progeny for broodstock and release.      IIDFG's Eagle Hatchery (and partially at NMFS's Manchester facility).  Maturation occurred in 1993, 1994, and 1995.  Broodstocks continue to be cultured.  Genetically defined progeny released to Redrish Lake in 1994 (-12,000) and 1995 (-84,000), and to Pettit Lake in 1995 (-S,500).  Progeny were also released directly to Redrish Lake Creek in 1995 (-3,500).  Evaluation of smolt outmigration success by release strategy and broodstock lineage began in 1995.  Modifications to IIDFG's Eagle Hatchery completed (1991-1995) to accommodate the broodstock program.

Publications:
Research and Recovery of Snake River Sockeye Salmon DOE/BP 21065-1;   
Research and Recovery of Snake River Sockeye Salmon DOE/BP 21065-2;   
Research and Recovery of Snake River Sockeye Salmon DOE/BP 21065-3;   
Snake River Sockeye Salmon Captive Broodstock Research DOE/BP 21065-4 
Reports submitted under this Task Order in 1993 include:
Skalski, J.R., and A. Giorgi.  Juvenile Passage Program:  A Plan for Estimating Smolt Travel Time and Survival in the Snake and Columbia Rivers.  BPA Report DOE-BP-35885-3.  
Smith, S.G., J.R. Skalski, and A. Giorgi.  Statistical Evaluation of Travel Time Estimation Based on Data from Freeze-Branded Chinook Salmon on the Snake River, 1982-1990.  BPA Report DOE-BP-35885-4.
Newman, K.  1993.  Adult Salmonid PIT-Tag returns to Snake River's Lower Granite Dam.  Draft under review December 1993.
Other Publications:
Flagg, T.A., C.V.W. Manhken, and KA.  Johnson. 1995.  Captive broodstocks for recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon.  American Fisheries Society Symposium, 15:81-90.
Siri, P., and K. Johnson. 1995.  Maturation and reproduction in salmonid captive breeding programs.  Aquaculture, 135: 217-218.

ProjectShortDescription:
Establish captive broodstocks of Redfish Lake sockeye salmon, grow to maturity, produce progeny for release to Redfish and other Stanley Basin lakes.  Monitor sockeye/kokanee populations, evaluate smolt outmigration by release strategy and lineage.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Establish captive broodstocks of Redfish Lake sockeye salmon, grow to maturity, produce progeny for release to Redfish and other Stanley Basin lakes.  Monitor sockeye/kokanee populations, evaluate smolt outmigration by release strategy and lineage.

ProjectBackground:
Study of factors affecting the migration and survival of juvenile wild/natural and hatchery produced spring chinook above and through Lower Granite Reservoir.  Expand scope to include development of a proposal for two Monitoring and Evaluation Programs related to juvenile salmon passage as requested by ESA Recovery Team.

ShortTitle:
REDFISH LAKE SOCKEYE REARING AND TRAPPING

LongTitle:
Idaho Sockeye Salmon Research and Recovery: Redfish Lake Sockeye Rearing and Trapping


ProjectTitle:
IDAHO NATURAL PRODUCTION MONITORING/EVAL 83-7(ESA)

Milestones:
The Fish and Wildlife Program has funded habitat enhancement projects in Idaho to increase spawning and rearing potential for steelhead and chinook.  Projects include barrier removals, off-channel developments, instream structures, and sediment reduction.  Although benefits to date are modest,   14 of the 16 projects evaluated had measurable production that was attributed   to the enhancement projects through 1989 (Scully and Petrosky 1991).  The subject of Partial Project Benefits was addressed more thoroughly by Scully and Petrosky (1991) than in this text, and was addressed in the 1991 annual report.    Barrier removals, followed by instream structures, have had the largest effect on increasing anadromous fish production.  Off-channel developments in the form of connected ponds, have very high chinook parr carrying capacity, with observed densities in supplemented ponds in excess of 200/100 m2.  However, the amount of surface area in off-channel developments thus far created has been small, and total smolt production benefits slight.  The sediment reduction project on the BVC/EC drainage depends on improved grazing management and will not produce full benefits in terms of reduced sediment and  increased egg-to-parr survival for several years.  A slight improvement occurred in 1987-1990 in the ratio of chinook parr density for BVC/EC: control streams.  Since this drainage is large, the small density increase resulted in  a relatively large estimated benefit in terms of parr and smolts produced. Quantification of instream structure benefits has been the most difficult.      Monitoring of parr densities in treatment and control sections suggest some project benefits have occurred.  More intensive evaluations by this project, including 1990, have detected some significant density increases due to the structures, but the majority of differences were not significant (Petrosky and  Holubetz 1985, 1986, and 1987).  Clearwater Biostudies, Inc. (1988) found that  age 0+ chinook and age 1+ and older steelhead parr were generally more abundant in enhanced than unenhanced habitat in Lolo Creek.    It appears that modest density increases have occurred due to the three instream structure projects.  However, it is important to note that it is extremely difficult to differentiate between an increase in actual densities (increased parr production) and mere attraction to instream structures (site-specific increased parr concentration).  For current mitigation accounting, we have assumed that the density differences are real. These estimates will be revised as necessary based on future evaluations with increased sample size.  Scully and Petrosky (1991) estimated benefits as the mean difference in parr density each year between control and treatment sections.  The mean differences in parr density were multiplied by the stream surface area in the affected reaches and factored by the estimated parr-to-smolt survival.  This approach probably overestimated instream structure benefits, since we have not yet determined the portion of the reaches that were not affected by the structures; i.e., sections which would classify as control areas or sections which already had good habitat and were not considered for treatment.  However, the amount of area not treated in the instream structure project reaches is very small relative to the area treated.  We will obtain estimates of the treated surface area for future reports.    The number of smolts attributed to the habitat projects to date is small, relative to their potential .  This is due primarily to chronic poor passage survival and the resulting underescaped depressed populations.     It is important to note that the apparently high project benefits for chinook  were due mostly to fry stocking in barrier removal projections.     In BPA habitat improvement project areas, chinook densities averaged 23 percent of the rated capacity; 15 percent of the PCC was attributed to the projects (Scully and Petrosky 1991). Project benefits were artificially high for chinook due to fry stocking in many streams, either to establish natural populations or to supplement natural production in the project areas.    Steelhead PCC averaged 19 percent and chinook PCC averaged 10 percent in habitat improvement project streams.  Most steelhead projects were in B-run production areas or in A-run areas of the upper Salmon River; both areas with extremely depressed populations.    Ninety percent of carrying capacity for chinook and 81 percent of carrying capacity for steelhead remain unoccupied in the project streams.  Stocking has  artificially increased the PCC in some project streams, but not to an extent that has overcome the escapement deficit from poor passage survival.     Compared to subbasin planning estimates of natural smolt potential in Idaho of  15.5 million spring/summer chinook and 4.5 million steelhead, the increased production is extremely small.  If all Idaho habitat improvement projects identified in subbasin planning were implemented, total smolt potential would increase only 17 percent for chinook and 9 percent for steelhead because the productive capacity remains high for the majority of Idaho anadromous fish streams.  However, for a limited number of degraded streams, habitat improvement could yield significant benefits if the passage survival problem is solved.These objectives are accomplished by yearly fish population surveys (electrofishing and snorkeling) of selected tributaries.  Data from other IDFG  management and research activities (non-BPA surveys) are also included to complete the status report for Idaho stocks.     Primary objectives of the intensive monitoring subproject are to determine the number of returning chinook and steelhead adults necessary to achieve optimal smolt production and to develop mitigation accounting based on increases in smolt production.

Publications:
Idaho Habitat & Natural Production Monitoring:  Part I DOE/BP 21182-1; 
Idaho Habitat & Natural Production Monitoring:  Part II DOE/BP 21182-2;  
Idaho Habitat & Natural Production Monitoring:  Part 1 DOE/BP 21182-3;   
Idaho Habitat & Natural Production Monitoring:  Part III DOE/BP 21182-4;    
Intensive Evaluation and Monitoring of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Trout Production, Crooked River and Upper Salmon River Sites DOE/BP 21182-5;   
Idaho Habitat/Natural Production Monitoring - Part I DOE/BP 21182-6;   
Wild Steelhead Studies DOE/BP 21182-6

Results:
. This evaluation includes determination of natural production increases of salmon and steelhead due to habitat improvement and improved mainstem flow and passage conditions. It will also provide escapement estimates for management decisions to optimize smolt production and develop stock-recruitment functions

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate and monitor chinook salmon and steelhead trout smolt production from 6-8 important indicator streams in Idaho.  Developed models to estimate the number of wild/natural chinook salmon and steelhead trout smolts that will arrive at Lower Granite Dam the following spring.  Update and refine these models annually.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct M & E of chinook salmon & steelhead trout smolt production from 6-8 indicator streams in ID. Develop models to estimate the number of wild/natural chinook salmon & steelhead trout smolts that will arrive at Lower Granite Dam the following spring.

ProjectBackground:
In 1984 this project was established under the Council's 1982 Fish and Wildlife Program, Measure 704(d)(1) to monitor natural production of anadromous fish, evaluate BPA habitat improvement projects, and to develop a credit record for off-site mitigation projects in Idaho.  Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) has been monitoring and evaluating existing and proposed habitat improvement projects for steelhead and chinook in selected tributaries of the Clearwater and Salmon River Subbasins since 1984.  Project is comprised of two subprojects:  general and intensive monitoring.   Primary objectives of the general monitoring subproject are to determine natural production increases due to BPA-funded habitat improvement projects as measured by parr production and to determine natural production status and trends in Idaho (includes spring and summer chinook salmon and steelhead trout).The purpose of this project is to quantify changes in chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead trout O. mykiss smolt production relating to BPA funded habitat improvement projects.  It is generally accepted  that habitat improvement projects can increase fish production, and for anadromous populations, effectiveness is best measured by changes in smolt production.  Actual increases in smolt production resulting from habitat projects have never been statistically quantified (Buell 1986).  A realistic quantitative approach for Idaho is:  (1) to estimate parr production attributable to habitat projects through general monitoring; (2) to quantify relationships between spawning escapement, parr production, and smolt production through intensive monitoring; and (3) to use the determined parr-to-smolt survival rates as a basis for BPA mitigation accounting.PART I:  GENERAL MONITORING SUBPROJECT   Objective 1.  Document status and trends of classes of wild and natural chinook and steelhead populations.    Objective 2.  Monitor BPA funded habitat improvement projects in Idaho to determine natural production increases.     Objective 3.  Develop a mitigation record for habitat improvement projects implemented through the Fish and Wildlife Program in Idaho.     PART II:  INTENSIVE MONITORING SUBPROJECT     Objective 1.  Determine the mathematical relationship between spawning escapement, parr production, and smolt production for both chinook salmon and steelhead trout.     Objective 2a.  Estimate chinook carrying capacity and optimal smolt production.     Objective 2b.  Estimate steelhead carrying capacity and optimal smolt production.     Objective 3.  Evaluation of supplementation techniques--incorporated into the Salmon Supplementation Studies in Idaho Rivers research project (No. 89-098).    Objective 4.  Determine habitat characteristics that limit natural smolt production.     Objective 5.  Assist with endangered species program.    Objective 6.  Determine if PIT-tagged chinook parr suffer higher summer-to-fall mortality than unmarked parr Objective 7.  Estimate the preparation of the age 2+ and older steelhead parr in CR that are removed from the population by anglers. Develop Beaverton-Holt adult escapement to smolt production curves for both Chinook salmon and steelhead by end of FY 95.  Estimate smolt-to-adult survival rates from the head of Lower Granite pool necessary to recover natural chinook salmon and steelhead populations end of FY95

ShortTitle:
IDAHO NATURAL PRODUCTION MONITORING AND EVALUATION

LongTitle:
Idaho Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR E - SUPP ALLOCATION 6/1/91

ProjectShortDescription:
Proposed internal engineering support project which was not funded.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Proposed internal engineering support project which was not funded.

ShortTitle:
BPA -ENGINEERING OVERHEAD -SUPPLEMENTAL ALLOCATION

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering Supplemental Allocation N 6/1/91


Milestones:
Preliminary design of Group 1 irrigation canal drum screens complete.  Construction initiated on the first of the group 1 sites. FY 1993:  Constructed group 2 sites and completed design of group 3 projects.  FY 1994:  Constructed group 3 sites and completed design of group 4 projects.

ProjectShortDescription:
Install new fish screens at all significant diversions in the Yakima River Basin to keep juvenile salmon and steelhead from being diverted and lost in the canals during outmigration.  Improve adult passage at selected sites.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Install new fish screens at all significant diversions (60 plus)  in the Yakima River Basin to keep juvenile salmon and steelhead from being diverted and lost in the canals during outmigration.  Improve adult passage at selected sites.

ProjectBackground:
The construction of approximately 70 rotary drum screens on irrigation diversion canals in the Yakima River Basin of Washington.  The USBR and Washington Department of Fisheries will construct the facilities pursuant to the criteria established by the Yakima Passage Technical Work Group.  Projects will be completed by late 1996.

LongTitle:
Yakima Phase II Fish Screens Construction


ProjectTitle:
YAKIMA PHASE II SCREENS - CONSTRUCTION (NEPA)

ShortTitle:
YAKIMA PHASE II SCREENS - CONSTRUCTION (NEPA)


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR OM&C - SUPP ALLOCATION 6/19/91

ProjectShortDescription:
Proposed internal operations and maintenance support project which was not funded.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Proposed internal operations and maintenance support project which was not funded.

ShortTitle:
BPA - OVERHEAD OM&C - SUPPLEMENTAL  ALLOCATION

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Opperations, Maintenance and Construction - supplemental Allocation 6/19/91


ProjectTitle:
LIT SEARCH (GENETICS) OF SNK RV SPRG,SUMM,FALL CHN

Milestones:
The specific project objectives were: 1.  Evaluate genetic issues of Snake River fall Chinook salmon.  2.  Evaluate genetic issues of Snake River spring and summer Chinook salmon.  3.  Evaluate genetic issues of lower Columbia River Coho salmon.  4.  Evaluate the NMFS threshold paper; i.e., "Determining minimum population viable populations under the Endangered Species Act (Thompson 1991), and make recommendations on numerical thresholds for each of the three stocks. Evaluate the genetics issues for Snake River fall Chinook salmon, Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon, and Lower Columbia River Coho salmon.  In addition to identifying key genetics issues, Dr.  Allendorf recommended threshold levels for each of the three stocks.

Publications:
The products from this study included an oral presentation of results to BPA staff and a written report to be incorporated into BPA comments on NMFS proposals to list (or not list).

Results:
This review facilitated the technical comments on NMFS proposal to list ESA stocks of salmon currently being conducted by the BPA ESA species review teams.The products from this study included an oral presentation of results to BPA staff and a written report to be incorporated into BPA comments on NMFS proposals to list (or not list).

ProjectShortDescription:
Review genetics issues pertaining to NMFS proposals to list or not list salmon stocks under ESA.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Review genetics issues pertaining to NMFS proposals to list or not list Snake River fall Chinook, and spring and summer Chinook salmon, and lower Columbia River Coho salmon under ESA.

ProjectBackground:
The goal of this project was to provide a scientific review on genetics issues pertaining to NMFS proposed listings of Snake River fall Chinook, and spring and summer Chinook salmon, and lower Columbia River Coho salmon.

ShortTitle:
GENETICS LITERATURE SEARCH - SNAKE RIVER SALMONIDS

LongTitle:
Evaluation of Literature and Information on Genetics of Snake River Spring, Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon and Lower Columbia River Coho Salmon


Milestones:
Past activities: site purchased in 1991, cattle were taken off area, prior to 4/93, no management of site other than several field trips to area by local conservation groups.  Periodic monitoring of wildlife by biologist from ODFW.  Hydrology Report, Recreation Report, HEP Report (Habitat Evaluation Procedures), Draft Management Plan/Environmental Assessment all complete.  Phase II involves implementing recommendations found in Management Plan.The purpose of this modification is to extend the original contract period from October 15, 1993, to April 30, 1994.  This will allow additional works to be accomplished that was not covered in the initial Statement of Work (SOW).    BPA has requested that the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and its requirements be addressed in the Management Plan.  This strategy was not developed in time to allow the delivered item (management plan/NEPA) to be completed.  We, therefore, requested additional time to complete this task.    The effort is shown in the attached revised SOW.  The amount of money available was funds not spent on the original contract.  No additional funds are being requested; nor are any carryover funds involved.  The original narrative is still valid, therefore, no additions or deletions are necessary.

Results:
Protection and management of 417 acres of riparian, wetlands, and aquatic habitats adjacent to Multnomah Channel 5 miles downstream from Portland, Oregon.    Benefits include habitat protection for Columbian White-Tailed Deer, Saggitaria Latifolia, a variety of waterfowl, terrestrial mammals, river otter, and other  fur bearers

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct operations and maintenance for Burlington Bottoms Wildlife tract;  Continue maintenance and enhancement activities for wildlife habitat as necessary, in order to meet the goals of the management plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop management plan for Burlington Bottoms Wildlife tract near Portland, OR (417 acres). Conduct O&M after purchase and implementation.   Continue maintenance and enhancement activities for wildlife habitat as necessary,

ProjectBackground:
This project is the acquisition and protection/management of 417 acres of riparian, wetlands, and aquatic habitat near Portland, Oregon.    First phase will be fee acquisition and management planning/NEPA preparation.    Second phase will be implementation of management plan.  Cooperators on the project are The Nature Conservancy, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Multnomah County.    This project will address losses incurred at the Lower Columbia Subbasin, particularly the Willamette facilities


ProjectTitle:
BURLINGTON BOTTOMS LAND PURCHASE - OM&C    C/O

Milestones:
Burlington Bottoms (417 acres) was acquired for conservation purposes.  The price was $414,283.

Results:
Preservation of Burlington Bottoms for wildlife purposes.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchase Burlington Bottoms, a  417 acre wetland near the mouth of the Willamette River for wildlife purposes.

ProjectBackground:
This project is the acquisition  of 417 acres of riparian, wetlands, and aquatic habitat near Portland, Oregon.    This phase was fee acquisition.  Cooperators on the project are The Nature Conservancy, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Multnomah County.    This project will address losses incurred at the Lower Columbia Subbasin, particularly the Willamette facilities


ProjectShortDescription:
Internal BPA managment budget adjustment.

ShortTitle:
BPA - GENETICS EXPENSE PROGRAM REALLOCATION

LongTitle:
Genetics Expense Program Reallocation (9/01/91)


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR E - YAKIMA BASIN EXPENSE

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. Engineering overhead expenses associated with the Yakima Basin project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. Engineering overhead expenses associated with the Yakima Basin project.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD - YAKIMA BASIN

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering - Yakima Basin


Milestones:
FY 1993:  O&M contract in place.  FY 1994:  Added new screens to O&M contract.  Since June 1993, WDFW has performed preventative maintenance and major repairs on the majority of completed Phase 2 fish screen facilities.  Currently, WDFW is responsible for 11 sites (FY 96).  Remaining sites are Bureau of Reclamation (BR) responsibility.  Duties also include acting as BPA's local liaison with the diversion owner.  WDFW monitors and verifies diversion owner performed "routine" maintenance subject to reimbursement by BPA and processes claims for payment.

Results:
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife is conducting O&M  on completed screens.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide preventative and major maintenance on Yakima Basin Phase 2 fish screen facilities.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide preventative and major maintenance on Yakima Basin Phase 2 fish screen facilities.  Up to 66 screens sites may be included.

ProjectBackground:
The WDF shall provide preventative and major maintenance on the Phase II Fish Screens of the Yakima-Klickitat Production Project (YKPP) which is otherwise  not performed by the Bureau of Reclamation or their subcontractors (water users).  This contract covers any fish screen or site included in the Phase II  YKKK, which may include up to 66 sites at the completion of Phase II.

LongTitle:
Yakimat Production Project Phase II Fish Screens Operation And Maintenance


ProjectTitle:
HABITAT IMPRVMNT/ENHNMNT - FORT HALL BOTTOMS

Milestones:
The project was initiated in 1992 combining instream structures - designed to narrow spring fed stream channels - and riparian fencing in the buffalo pastures. 1992 built 2 km of Jack and rail fence along Clear creek to control Buffalo access in 1992.  Planted 4,000 willow shoots. Conducted stream habitat surveys.  After the first season of fence construction one former buffalo manager challenged the fence and lost to the tribal council and courts.  Afterward, the tribe assumed a stronger stance on the validity of the entire project and it continued successfully into 1995.  Salmon Corps fencing crews are cost-sharing and roughly doubling the amount of fence that can be built each year and Tribal members are noticing the increased densities and average sizes of trout.  However, American Falls Reservoir continues to rapidly rise and fall each year, which is directly and indirectly causing large scale streambank erosion miles inland, supporting huge rough fish populations, severely reducing substrate and water quality and population of stream dwelling invertebrates.  Project work since 1993 has concentrated on stream channels nearest the reservoir.  Redoubled effort along with stable funding from BPA will continue to slow adverse impacts, increase trout populations and provide the Tribes a stable growing source of income and subsistence. 1993 built log and rock wing-dams, added woody debris, root wads, and boulder clusters to induce diversity.  Planted 6,000 willow shoots.  Sampling revealed trout populations 15 times denser and 100 times greater in biomass than pre-project populations.  Did  bank stabilization  and fencing on Spring Creek near its headwaters. 1994 constructed  6.4 km of fence along Clear Creek.  Council took action against buffalo trespass.  Continued sampling studies, plantings, and instream efforts.

Publications:
Fishery Management on the Duck Valley Indian Reservation Shoshone-Paiute Tribe [Z44]

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide conditions to maintain a self- perpetuating tribal subsistence and trophy trout fishery.  Provide conditions and seed stock to re-establish native cutthroat trout runs in bottoms and mountain stream tributaries of the Sho-Ban Reservation.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide conditions to maintain a self- perpetuating tribal subsistence & trophy trout fishery in Spring & Clear Creeks .  Re-establish native cutthroat trout runs in bottoms and mountain stream tributaries of the Sho-Ban Reservation.

ProjectBackground:
The project is designed improve fish habitat and to measure the fish populations, available habitat, and temperature for pre and post stream rehabilitation projects.  Through electrophoretic analysis it will be determined if pure strains of native Yellowstone exist on the reservation.  A future objective will be to increase the population levels of the pure strains if found to exist.

LongTitle:
Habitat Improvement and Enhancement - Fort Hall Bottoms


ShortTitle:
BPA - OVERHEAD (PERSONNEL /TRAVEL)  - FY 92

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead (Personnel / Travel) - FY 92


ProjectTitle:
FY 92 BALANCING DOLLARS FOR RPA PRIORITY

ShortTitle:
BPA - FY 92 BALANCING DOLLARS FOR RPA PRIORITY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal -  FY 92 Balancing Dollars for RPA Priority


ProjectTitle:
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF DRYDEN FISH SCREENS

Milestones:
Conducted an environmental analysis, and design of fish screen facilities in the Dryden Canal on the Wenatchee River and then constructed the screen..  The project was continuously reviewed by the Wenatchee Technical Work Group, which consists of representatives from Federal agencies, State agencies, Chelan Public Utility District No.  1 of Chelan County, and irrigation districts.

Results:
The new facilities will reduce the mortality of juvenile summer Chinook and sockeye in the Wenatchee River The project diverts juvenile salmon and steelhead out of the irrigation canal and back to the Wenatchee River near the Dryden Dam location.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct an environmental analysis. Design and construct a fish screen for the irrigation canal intake at Dryden Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design and construct a fish screen for the irrigation canal intake at Dryden Dam on the Wenatchee River. Conduct an environmental analysis.

ProjectBackground:
Reduce passage mortality of critical stocks of summer Chinook and sockeye salmon of the Wenatchee River system.

ShortTitle:
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF DRYDEN FISH SCREENS

LongTitle:
Design and Construction Of Dryden Screens


ProjectTitle:
WILDLIFE MITIGATION MONITORING AND EVALUATION

ShortTitle:
WILDLIFE MITIGATION MONITORING AND EVALUATION

LongTitle:
Wildlife Mitigation Monitoring and Evaluation


ProjectTitle:
SCIENTIFIC SERVICE FOR SUPPLEMENTATION RESEARCH

Milestones:
Under contract series 25105 and task number 63525, the following was done:    This task provides for the development and implementation of and effective quality control program for the YFP.  It also provides for assistance to the YFP Natural Environment task team in performing computer modeling and other analysis that integrate ecosystem diagnosis and treatment approaches in the YFP planning processes.  And, this task provides for experimental design and statistical services to the YFP.    Under contract series 25105 and task number 81752, the following was done:    This task provides for the review of existing genetic risk assessments (GRA's) and genetic monitoring plans (GMP's) as a step towards framing a regional approach to GRA and GMP.  Additionally, genetic hatchery guidelines for the YFP will be developed that incorporate genetic considerations that are consistent with applicable regional policies and guidelines.  Lastly, this task will provide for the review of genetic related reports and guidelines prepared for the Integrated Hatchery Operations Team (IHOT).

Publications:
Ecosystem Diagnosis & Treatment Planning Model as Applied to Supplementation:  Model Description, User Guide, & Theoretical Documentation for the Model Introduced in the Summary Report Series on Supplementation in the Columbia Basin DOE/BP 25105-1;   
Analysis of Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River from an Ecosystem Perspective DOE/BP 25105-2

ProjectShortDescription:
Secure scientific services to support fisheries supplementation research for the Yakima Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Secure scientific services to support fisheries supplementation research for the Yakima Basin.

ProjectBackground:
The project is to acquire scientific and technical assistance for the regional  supplementation program.  Specific descriptions will be provided with each task order issued under the master contract.

ShortTitle:
ASSISTANCE FOR YAKIMA SUPPLEMENTATION RESEARCH

LongTitle:
Scientific Services to Support Fisheries Supplementation Research


ProjectTitle:
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BPA M&E PROG

Milestones:
This task provided for the development and implementation of and effective quality control program for the Yakima Fishery Program (YFP).  It also provided for assistance to the YFP Natural Environment task team in performing computer modeling and other analysis that integrate ecosystem diagnosis and treatment approaches in the YFP planning processes.  And, this task provided for experimental design and statistical services to the YFP. This task order was completed successfully December 31, 1992.

Results:
Benefits of this task order include a program to assist in assuring quality control will be integrated into the project.  The inclusion of ecosystem management concepts into the planning and developmental aspect of the YFP.  It also will make available technical and professional skills to the YFP not available within the participating entities.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide for the development and implementation of an effective quality control program for the Yakima Fishery Program.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide for the development and implementation of an effective quality control program for the Yakima Fishery Program.

ShortTitle:
ASSISTANCE FOR YAKIMA  M&E PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

LongTitle:
Scientific Services to Support Yakima Fisheries Supplementation Research:  Monitoring and Evaluation Program Development


ProjectTitle:
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS PROJ - YAKIMA SCHOOL DISTR

Milestones:
This project provided classroom and infield educational opportunities to students of the Yakima School District, Yakima, Washington.  Fish and Wildlife enhancement projects, funded by BPA and others, were the subject matter of the program.

Results:
Education and dissemination of information.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide classroom and infield educational opportunities to students of the Yakima School District.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide classroom and field educational opportunities to students of the Yakima School District.

ProjectBackground:
There was an effort to expand the educational effort of the BPA Division of Fish and Wildlife

ShortTitle:
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS PROJECT - YAKIMA SCHOOLS

LongTitle:
Environmental Awareness Project - Yakima School District


ProjectTitle:
CBFWA F&W PROGRAM PLANNING AND COORDINATION

Milestones:
This agreement provided funds to support the administration of the policy and technical activities of the CBFWA members needed to coordinate Fish and Wildlife Program actions with the Council and BPA..

Results:
Through collaboration of the Council, BPA, and CBFWA it is possible to expedite: 1.  The sharing of information essential to Program development.  2.  The development of a Program that meets the conditions in the Act.  3.  The resolution of technical and policy differences as early as possible.  4.  The compliance of BPA and CBFWA to the terms of the Implementation Planning Process with respect to policy and technical issues.  5.  The completion of projects that protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife resources effectively minimizing tie while optimizing cost/benefits ratios

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide funding for the administration of policy and technical activities of CBFWA members needed to coordinate Fish and Wilflife Program actions with the Council and BPA.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide funding for the administration of policy and technical activities of CBFWA members needed to coordinate Fish and Wilflife Program actions with the Council and BPA.

ProjectBackground:
CBFWA performed various functions for BPA, the Council, Tribes and agencies.

ShortTitle:
CBFWA F&W PROGRAM PLANNING AND COORDINATION

LongTitle:
Columbia Basin Fish And Wildlife Authority Program Planning and Coordination


Milestones:
Developed the experimental protocol to test measures of creating a more natural rearing environment and improving survival of supplemented salmon and steelhead. Provided the assistance of Central Washington University (CWU)in the development of the experimental design for the Yakima Fisheries Project (YFP) artificial environment task team..

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop the experimental protocol to test measures of creating a more natural rearing environment and improving survival of supplemented salmonids in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop the experimental protocol to test measures of creating a more natural rearing environment and improving survival of supplemented salmonids in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectBackground:
There was a long-term effort on the part of Washington, the Yakima Tribe and BPA to improve the fisheries of the Yakima and Klickitat basins. CWU has the expertise in animal behavioral sciences which will assist the YFP in creating a more natural rearing environment for wild/supplementation fish.


ProjectTitle:
WILD SMOLT BEHAVIOR / PHYSIOLOGY             (ESA)

Milestones:
Conducted detailed, systematic study of the physiology and morphology of wild chinook salmon.

Publications:
Physiological Assessment and Behavioral Interaction of Wild and Hatchery Juvenile Salmonids:  The Relationship of Fish Size and Growth to Smoltification in Spring Chinook Salmon DOE/BP 64915-1

Results:
Physiological development of wild juvenile chinook salmon may serve as model for hatchery rearing.  Producing a more wild-like hatchery fish may improve their survival.

ProjectShortDescription:
Document the physiological development of spring chinook salmon that will serve as a goal for the hatchery production of more "wild-type" juvenile salmon in the Yakima Basin

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Document the physiological development of spring chinook salmon that will serve as a goal for the hatchery production of more "wild-type" juvenile salmon in the Yakima Basin

ProjectBackground:
This project is an outgrowth and obvious next step of a previous study entitled "Smolt Quality assessment of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon in the Columbia Basin".  High quality salmon smolts are defined as fish that migrate rapidly downstream and survive to adulthood.  Our original study of hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon indicated that differences in smolt quality as assessed by physiological and morphological indices accounted for differences in smolt survival to adulthood.  High growth rates of hatchery smolts during the 40 to 60 days before release correlated with adult survival.  Results suggested that manipulation of growth rate in hatchery fish prior to their release may improve their survival to adulthood.  The present project aims to verify these findings relating growth rate to adult survival and investigate the development of wild spring chinook salmon.  Naturally-reared salmon smolts generally show higher survival to adulthood than hatchery-reared smolts.  A detailed, systematic study of the physiology and morphology of wild chinook salmon has never been done.

LongTitle:
Physiological Assessment and Behavioral Interaction of Wild and Hatchery Juvenile Salmonids


Milestones:
Evaluated the suitability of old Ore-Aqua site near Springfield for use in meeting Fish and Wildlife Program needs, including production or research.

Results:
Evaluation of the Ore-Aqua site at Springfield, OR

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate suitability of the old Ore-Aqua site near Springfield for fish production or research.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Evaluate suitability of the old Ore-Aqua site near Springfield, OR, for fish production or research.

ProjectBackground:
Ore-Aqua was an inactive production site near Springfield.


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS    (ESA)

Milestones:
This grant provided funds to substantially increase the fisheries law enforcement of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission throughout Zone 6 plus cooperative efforts in other parts of the Columbia River Basin, in terms of: number of law officers; effectiveness and sophistication of surveillance and patrol equipment; interagency coordination and cooperative task forces; number of arrests and successful prosecutions; and increased public awareness. Evaluation of the efficacy of this increased law enforcement effort will be an important part of the comprehensive program. January 1, 1993:  Funding of four grants was continued to more than double the fisheries law enforcement efforts over 1991 levels. March 1993:  Draft annual report for the first year of the program completed.   December 31, 1994:  three-year demonstration phase of program completed. December 1994: Decision for continuation of program is based regional scientific and management support and a preliminary analysis of  its effectiveness in reducing illegal take of adults (improved inter-dam conversion rates), protection of juveniles from irrigation diversions, and protection of critical habitat.  May 1994: a preliminary analysis of the efficacy of the program is presented in the NMFS Recovery Team, with recommendations for continuation.  March 1995: NMFS Recovery Plan endorses continued BPA funding for the enhanced LE program.  June 1995: final report for the 1992-95 demonstration period is completed.  In 1995 a "block grant" from BPA  to NMFS is planned to administer the entire basin-wide program.

Publications:
Increased Levels of Harvest and Habitat Law Enforcement and Public Awareness for Anadromous Salmonids and Resident Fish in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 28111-1

Results:
The benefit of this program will be decreases in the number of salmon and steelhead that are lost to illegal fishing activities and increases in the spawning escapement--especially of depleted stocks proposed for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Substantial improvements in law enforcement statistics and inter-dam conversion rates of adult salmon runs have occurred during 1992-1995 -- longer term time series is needed for evaluation of the effects due to the enhanced law enforcement program.  Protection of critical habitat and enforcement of diversion screening compliance has occurred.

ProjectShortDescription:
Reduce illegal take of anadromous salmonids and resident fish, and protect their critical habitats thoughout the Columbia Basin through an Inter-agency fisheries and habitat law enforcement program

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Reduce illegal take of anadromous salmonids and resident fish, and protect their critical habitats thoughout the Columbia Basin through an Inter-agency fisheries and habitat law enforcement program

ProjectBackground:
One way to reduce fish losses was to control illegal harvest and related problems.

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION OF SALMON STOCKS

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks: Monitoring and Evaluation of Impacts


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS (CRITFC)

Milestones:
The implementor of this part of the contract was the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission,.

Results:
Substantial improvements in law enforcement statistics and inter-dam conversion rates of adult salmon runs have occurred during 1992-1995 -- longer term time series is needed for evaluation of the effects due to the enhanced law enforcement program.  Protection of critical habitat and enforcement of diversion screening compliance has occurred.

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin.  See description of Project 92-024-00 for more detail. Grant to CRITFC.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin.  See description of Project 9202400. Grant to Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC).

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this grant is to substantially increase the fisheries law enforcement of the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission throughout Zone 6 plus cooperative efforts in other parts of the Columbia River Basin, in terms of: number law officers; effectiveness and sophistication of surveillance and patrol equipment; interagency coordination and cooperative task forces; number of arrests and successful prosecutions; and increased public awareness.  The benefit of this program will be decreases in the number of salmon and steelhead that are lost to illegal fishing activities and increases in the spawning escapement--especially of depleted stocks proposed for protection under the Endangered Species Act.    Evaluation of the efficacy of this increased law enforcement effort will be an important part of the comprehensive program, and will be conducted under a separate contract.  Implementors include: Oregon State Police, Washington Dept. of Fish & Wildlife, Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game, Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the National Marine Fisheries Law Enforcement Division.

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION- SALMON STOCKS (CRITFC)

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks (CRITFC)


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS    (OSP)

Milestones:
The implementor of this part of the contract was the Oregon State Police

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin. Grant to OSP.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin. Grant to OR State Police

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION OF SALMONIDS (OR)

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks (Oregon State Police)


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS    (WDF)

Milestones:
The implementor of this part of the project was the Washington Department of Fisheries

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin. Grant to WDF.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin. Grant to Washington Department of Fisheries.

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTECTION OF SALMONIDS (WDF)

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks (WDF)


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS   (IDFG)

Milestones:
The implementor of this portion of the project was Idaho Department of Fish and Game.

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin.  See description of Project 92-024-00 for more detail. Grant to IDFG

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest & habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia River Basin.  See Project 9202400. Grant to Idaho Department of Fish and Game.

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION OF SALMONIDS (IDFG)

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks (IDFG)


ProjectTitle:
INCR LAW ENFORCMNT PT 5-INTERAGNCY TSK FORCE COORD

Milestones:
This part of the project funded a coordinator

ProjectShortDescription:
Supports inter-agency task forces and coordination for fisheries harvest and habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia Basin.  See description of Project 92-024-00 for more detail.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Supports inter-agency task forces and coordination for fisheries harvest and habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia Basin.  See Project 9202400.

ShortTitle:
INCR LAW ENFORCMNT PT 5-INTERAGNCY TSK FORCE COORD

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks: Increase Law Enforcement Interagency Task Force Coordination


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF DEPLETED SALMON STOCKS    (MTFW

Milestones:
The implementor of this portion of the contract was the MTFW

Results:
Substantial improvements in law enforcement statistics and inter-dam conversion rates of adult salmon runs have occurred during 1992-1995 -- longer term time series is needed for evaluation of the effects due to the enhanced law enforcement program.  Protection of critical habitat and enforcement of diversion screening compliance has occurred..

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest and habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia Basin.  See description of Project 92-024-00 for more detail. Grant to MTFW.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase levels of fishery harvest and habitat law enforcement throughout the Columbia Basin.  See Project 9202400. Grant to Montana Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT PROTECTION OF SALMONIDS (MTFW)

LongTitle:
Law Enforcement Protection of Depleted Salmon Stocks (MTFW)


ProjectTitle:
EVALUATION OF BPA'S LAW ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate the effectiveness of the BPA-funded law enforcement program in protecting depleted anadromous and resident fish and their critical habitats from illegal take.  This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Evaluate the effectiveness of the BPA-funded law enforcement program in protecting depleted anadromous and resident fish from illegal take. This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ShortTitle:
EVALUATION OF BPA'S LAW ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM

LongTitle:
Evaluation of  BPA's Law enforcement Program


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - NPT

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - NEZ PERCE

LongTitle:
Simplified Grant Written to Support the Phase-Out of Law Enforcement Activities for the Nez Perce Tribe


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - SHOBAN TRIBE

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - SHOBAN

LongTitle:
Simplified Grant Written to Support the Phase-Out of Law Enforcement Activities for the Shoban Tribe


ProjectTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - CTUIR

ShortTitle:
LAW ENFORCEMENT TRANSITION FUNDING - CTUIR

LongTitle:
Simplified Grant Written to Support the Phase-Out of Law Enforcement Activities for CTUIR


Milestones:
Scope of Work Final design, and construction performed by WDF

ProjectShortDescription:
Design and construct passage around Starbuck Dam on the Tucannon River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design and construct passage around Starbuck Dam on the Tucannon River, WA.

ProjectBackground:
The Starbuck Electric Dam is located about 5 1/2 miles from the mouth of the Tucannon River, near the town of Starbuck, Washington.  The dam was built prior to 1909 to supply head for a small hydroelectric plant at Starbuck, as well as irrigation water for surrounding farms.  The hydroelectric plant was abandoned in 1944.  The dam is about 6 feet high and 95 feet long, and constructed of massive concrete.    Observations of fish passage success have been documented.  The existing dam blocks fall chinook, and delays spring chinook and steelhead passage.  Also, an unknown level of injury and pre-spawning mortality may result from fish hitting the face of the dam very hard during unsuccessful passage attempts.    Passage improvement has also been identified as an action to be taken to improve natural production of spring chinook in the Tucannon River Subbasin Plan (1989).  Further detail on project is Washington Department of Fisheries (WDF) preliminary design memo, dated January 12, 1992..


ProjectTitle:
MISC. SUPPORT FOR HABITAT EDUCATION ACTIVIES

Milestones:
A variety of efforts were funded under this project number.  There were some education efforts in selected school districts. With contract series 6206200, Don Chapman Consultants was hired to produce a revised and shortened edition of the publication "Managing Fisheries and Wildlife on Rangeland Grazed by Livestock."  Only a preliminary edition was completed before funds ran out. Funds were also provided for preliminary work in the Buck Hollow Watershed.

ProjectShortDescription:
Produce a revised and shortened edition of the publication     Managing Fisheries and Wildlife on Rangeland Grazed by Livestock    .

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Educational projects in selected school districts. Produced a rough draft shortened edition of the publication  Managing Fisheries and Wildlife on Rangeland Grazed by Livestock by Bill Platts. Preliminary work in Buck Hollow.

ProjectBackground:
There was an effort to expand the educational effort of the BPA Division of Fish and Wildlife.  This project reflected several aspects of that effort.  However, a complication has occurred in project numbers.  Because one contract under this project number was for the Buck Hollow Model Watershed Education project, it was assumed by someone one assigning project numbers that this was the umbrella model watershed project which it was not.  Thus projects 9202601, 9202602, 9202603, etc. actually have nothing to do with 9202600 whereas normally one would think of them as major tasks within the overall project.  The publications are erroneously associated with this project number.

ShortTitle:
SUPPORT FOR HABITAT EDUCATION ACTIVITIES

LongTitle:
Support for Habitat Education Activities


ProjectTitle:
GRAND RONDE MODEL WATERSHED CHARTER DEVELOP PHASE

Milestones:
Year 1. Compiled a compendium of all sources of human & fiscal resources that are potentially available for protection & improvement of habitat for the model watershed.  Coordinated this activity on a regional and state level, as appropriate.  Identified all parties with an interest in each model watershed.  Set up procedures to include all these parties in the development & implementation of the model watershed.  Convened a watershed conference that includes all parties with an interest in the model watershed.  Compiled all existing plans, programs, policies, laws and other appropriate items that relate to comprehensive watershed management in each model watershed.  Identified gaps and conflicts in the existing plans, programs, policies, laws and other appropriate items that hinder comprehensive watershed management in each model watershed.  Set out a path and procedures for filling gaps and addressing conflicts.  Identified key factors limiting salmon and steelhead productivity.  Identified priority on-the-ground actions to address key limiting factors.  Provided for the involvement of volunteers and educational institutions in the implementation of projects. Year 2  Began implementation of priority on-the-ground actions that address key limiting factors for salmon and steelhead production through the implementation planning process (Sec. 7.1B of Plan).  In addition, initiate the path & procedures for filling gaps and addressing conflicts.These objectives, and more, have been fulfilled under the 1992-1994 contract.Early Life History Study:  Conducted trapping, and habitat relation studies from September 1994 through present in main stem Grande Ronde and in Catherine Creek.  Attempted habitat relationship studies in winter.  Observed life history patterns not previously know in the mainstem Grande Ronde.  Helped identify critical areas of habitat restoration in valley floor of Grande Ronde.  Identified critical areas and times for passage and rearing.1995:  Subwatershed plans for Indian Creek and Bear Creek, drafts for Meadow Creek, Lostine River, Big and Little Sheep Creeks, and Joseph Creek.    Developed and funded over 120 projects in cooperation with Oregon Watershed Health Program, BOR and BPA . Established two subbasin watershed councils (Wallowa and Union Counties) and watershed work groups in Indian Creek, Catherine Creek, Little     Creek, Bear Creek, and Big and Little Sheep Creeks.

Results:
Coordination and implementation of restoration and enhancement projects and programs throughout the Grande Ronde Basin.

ProjectShortDescription:
Coordinate, plan, and implement habitat restoration in T&E chinook and steelhead streams: build community-wide participation in watershed restoration among the diverse interests of the Grande Ronde basin; develop innovative ideas in watershed planning; seminars for stakeholders; facilitate interagency cooperation in habitat restoration.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Coordinate, plan, and implement habitat restoration for chinook and steelhead in the Grande Ronde basin: build community-wide participation in watershed restoration;  conduct seminars; facilitate interagency cooperation in habitat restoration.

ProjectBackground:
In April 1992, the Commissions from Union and Wallowa Counties determined that a grass-roots, locally based effort working to coordinate existing local, state and federal programs could effectively maintain, enhance, and restore the watershed.  Joining this effort, the Northwest Power Planning Council selected the Grande Ronde basin as a model for the state of Oregon, and the Governor's office through the Strategic Water Management Group certified the program.  BPA and others have cost-shared to provide funding.  This endeavor covers the Blue Mountain region of northeastern Oregon, 5,265 square miles, 280 streams and rivers containing 2,600 miles of fisheries, with landownership being 65% public and 35% private.   Project 9202600 was supposedly the umbrella project for the Model Watershed efforts recommended by the Council.  Actually it was only an education project and the series was inappropriately assigned this number. Project 9202601 is the umbrella project focusing on the overseeing of the efforts within the Grande Ronde Model Watershed. This modification of the GRMWS agreement continues the efforts of ecosystem/ fisheries restoration in the Grande Ronde System.  Focus areas will be continued coordination and planning of restoration projects.  Work sites and efforts will be in developing a clearinghouse function for all ongoing activities in the watershed.

ShortTitle:
GRANDE RONDE MODEL WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT

LongTitle:
Grande Ronde Model Watershed Development

PrimaryAgency:
USFS - PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPERIMENT STA.


ProjectTitle:
EASTERN WA MODEL WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PLN PHASE

Milestones:
Asotin Creek was chosen as Washington State’s Model Watershed candidate in 1992.  Angela Fields, local conservation district resource technician, now devotes 80% of her time to the Asotin Creek Model Watershed.  Duane Bartels is the coordinator for the Pataha Creek Model Watershed, working for the Pomeroy Conservation District; and Art Sunderland is the coordinator for the Tucannon River Model Watershed, working for the Columbia Conservation District.  The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service in each of the district offices, as well as in the Spokane state office, is providing leadership and technical support to implement projects in each of the watershed plans.  Each model watershed has formed a landowner steering committee which represents the views and needs of the local community.  Also, technical advisory committees were developed which included representatives from the affected private, state, and federal agencies and organizations.  The technical advisory committees worked closely with the landowners’ committees, taking program direction from them.  Asotin Creek Watershed plan written and published in April 1995.  Work plans for watershed plans in Tucannon and Pataha developed and 75% completed.Watershed Inventory-An inventory of the overall condition of the watersheds completed for all three watersheds.Implementation-In Asotin Creek watershed, approximately 120 trees & shrubs will be planted at 1 upland & 1 riparian site during 3rd quarter of FY94.  Demonstration of channel frost free livestock tank installed.Pataha Creek watershed: Two riparian management demonstration sites started. Information-Education- More and more individuals are being exposed to unique problems and issues of each watershed, as well as the widely differing viewpoints and needs of the individuals and groups brought together by the Coordinated Resource Management (CRM) process. Also, in the Asotin Creek watershed, the coordinator will publish a watershed-oriented newsletter with distribution to landusers in the watershed and adjacent communities.FY95:  Riparian Plantings - 10 miles total on all three watersheds.Asotin Creek:  City Park enhancement with instream structures,  Gene Theisen's:  insulated watering trough for winter feed lot to exclude cattle.  Frank Koch:  2,000 feet exclusionary fencing, 4 log weirs instream to enhance fish passage, off stream watering system.  Schlee (Jake and Dan): Rain gutters on barn for water quality, 1,200 feet permanent fence, and 1,100 feet temporary fencing (electric), instream structure for off stream watering (piped 1,000 feet to two watering troughs) and riparian plantings.  USFS/WDFW/Asotin Cons Dist:  Lick Fork:  repair 240 foot watering gap with YCC crew by placing LWD bank to bank, and placed smaller woody material for erosion control, permanent fence for exclusion and new armored water gap.Pataha Creek:  20th Street fish passage structure design.  Ron Horn: 2 log weirs in Pataha Creek.  Larry Bergshneider: stream crossing repair and log weirs (3).  Gary Coles:  Solar pump for off site watering and temporary electric exclusionary fence plus riparian plantings.  Bar Z Ranch:  1,900 feet permanent fence, riparian planting, willow faschines for bank stabilization.  Gary Long:  Rock stream crossing for ag equipment.  Franklin Thompson: waterway.  Various other landowners, stream bank protection, channel revegetation, log weirs and passage.Tucannon:  Dick Rubennser:  Stream bank stabilization (500 feet) structures and vegetative planting.  George Woods/Broughton Land and Livestock:  Off stream watering (solar),  Janet Howard :stream bank protection (500 feet),  Truner and Laib:  Stream bank protection (30 feet) with instream structures, Jerome Hoverudd: Meander reconstruction and/or vegetative planting.  PL 566 funds: Mort Bishop: Stream bank protection,  WDFW  land : stream bank protection.

Results:
Asotin Creek was chosen as the model watershed candidate in 1992. A locally based steering committee with representatives of the affected private, state, and federal land managers has been formed, along with a technical advisory committee to help guide the development of the watershed plan.  A work plan has been written to guide the product development.  This pattern has been duplicated in the Tucannon River, Art Sunderland - coordinator, and Pataha Creek, Duane Bartels - coordinator in 1993.

ProjectShortDescription:
Fund resource coordinator positions for Asotin Creek, Pataha Creek, and Tucannon River Model Watersheds

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Fund resource coordinator positions for Asotin Creek, Pataha Creek, and Tucannon River Model Watersheds

ProjectBackground:
Project 9202600 was supposedly the umbrella project for the Model Watershed efforts recommended by the Council.  Actually it was only an education project and the series was inappropriately assigned this number. Project 9202602 was the umbrella project for the efforts within the Asotin Model Watershed. Focus areas will be coordination and planning of restoration projects.  Work sites and efforts will be in developing a clearinghouse function for all ongoing activities in the watershed.

LongTitle:
Eastern Washington Model Watershed Development


ProjectTitle:
MODEL WATERSHED STUDIES - LEMHI RIVER BASIN

Milestones:
Ralph Swift, local district conservationist now devotes 100% of his time to the model watershed coordinator.  A locally based steering committee with representatives of the affected private, state, and federal land managers has been formed, along with a technical advisory committee to help guide the development of the watershed plan.  A work plan has been written to guide the product development.July 1, 1993:  In cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation, complete plan and develop MOU to implement a strategy dealing with dewatering of Lemhi River.  October 1, 1993:   `Recommend strategy for identification of procedures to develop a prioritized water conservation planDecember 1, 1993 - March 1995:  Develop and implement the BOR Irrigation Plan.  Project currently out for bid.August 1, 1993:  Organize model watershed Advisory and Technical committees.  December 1, 1993:  Recommendations from steering committee on actions for fisheries/watershed projects.  April  -  June 1994:  Complete stream inventory using interagency teams for occupied spring chinook habitat in all three rivers.  Approximately 110 miles inventoried.  Reports written and sent to BPA and CIS.  April 1994:  Completed outline of MWS plan and began compiling existing information for three watersheds.  December 1994:  1st Draft of MWS plans.April 1995:  2nd Draft of MWS plans.  4/93 - Present:  Cooperation with Idaho Department of Fish and Game and Lemhi Irrigation District to improve Lemhi summer instream flows, reduce fish passage problems, and juvenile loss at irrigation diversions.  Developed stable diversion design with positive flow controls to allow for better water management.  Developed proposal for Lemhi River Flow Model.  July 1995 - April 1996:  Developed long-term agreements for habitat enhancement and restoration with landowners on priority stream reaches.  July 1995:  Complete Draft Monitoring and Evaluation report.Lemhi Fish flow agreement with Lemhi River Irrigators.  Implemented in 1995.Screening prioritization report.Quarterly Newsletters.Poster Display and numerous presentations at professional and civic/school meetings.Regional Salmon Symposium in April 1994.  FY96:1.  Completed Model Watershed Plan2.  Coordinated Bureau of Reclamation Irrigation Diversion Consolidation/Elimination Program - L4 elimination  - L6, L7 consolidations under construction  - L5 elimination (NRCS and BOR project)3.  Pahsimeroi River Habitat Improvement  - Parkinson Irrigation Project (restoration of passage to 7 miles of stream) under construction - Dwoton/Chewning riparian exclusion fencing, 1 mile of stream  - Lower Pahsimeroi riparian exclusion fencing, 1/2 mile near Pahsimeroi hatchery4.  Lemhi River Habitat Projects  - Merrill Beyler riparian exclusion fencing, 12K feet of fence on 1 1/2 miles of river  - Kelley Thomas riparian exclusion fence, 1 1/2 miles of river5.  Hatch Box Program in cooperation with IDFG, Shoshone Bannock Tribes and Trout Unlimited       - 80K steelhead eggs into hatch boxes   - four sites, Squaw Creek x 2 boxes, Hayden Creek x 2 boxes, Morgan Creek x 1 box, Indian Creek x 1 box.6.  Coordination with IDFG Irrigation screening program  - 4 consolidation sites (site 1, 3 to 1 diversion; site 2, 9 diversions to 4) - 40 screens installed7.  Technical Information transfer       - Paper at NACD national meeting in Alaska       - Paper at Idaho Conservation League - Public Lands Conference  - Presentation to Idaho Falls Rotary Club  - Presentation to Montana Bull Trout Committee.

Publications:
Model Watershed Plan; Lemhi, Pahsimeroi, and East Fork of the Salmon River DOE/BP 2772

Results:
Comprehensive watershed level fisheries habitat maintenance and restoration plans for the Lemhi River basin, Pahsimeroi River basin, and East Fork Salmon River Basin in accordance with the NPPC measure to establish Model Watershed programs in Oregon, Washington and Idaho.

ProjectShortDescription:
Plan and implement Lemhi River Basin, Pahsimeroi River basin and East Fork Salmon River basin watershed restoration.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Plan and implement Lemhi River Basin, Pahsimeroi River basin and East Fork Salmon River basin watershed restoration.

ProjectBackground:
Project 9202600 was supposedly the umbrella project for the Model Watershed efforts recommended by the Council.  Actually it was only an education project and the series was inappropriately assigned this number. Project 9202603 was the umbrella project for  the efforts within Lemhi Model Watershed. Focus areas will be coordination and planning of restoration projects.  Work sites and efforts will be in developing a clearinghouse function for all ongoing activities in the watershed.

ShortTitle:
MODEL WATERSHED STUDIES - LEMHI RIVER BASIN


ProjectTitle:
LIFE STUDIES OF SPRING CHINOOK-GRANDE RONDE RIVER

Milestones:
To date, we have collected data from two migration years on the upper Grande Ronde River and one migration year on Catherine Creek.  We will continue trapping in The upper Grande Ronde and Catherine Creek through June 1996 and have support to complete data analysis and report writing through January 1997.  This project will continue with trapping in the upper Grande Ronde and Catherine Creek as well as initiate trapping in the Wallowa River basin.  We plan on starting the study of Wallowa basin populations in the fall of 1996.

Publications:
Fish Research Project - Oregon - Investigations Into the Life History of Spring Chinook Salmon in the Grande Ronde River Basin DOE/BP 33299-1A
Fish Research Project-Oregon--Early Life History Study of Grande Ronde River Basin Chinook Salmon DOE/BP 33299-1B

ProjectShortDescription:
Investigate the abundance, migration patterns, survival, and habitat use of spring chinook salmon juveniles in the Grande Ronde River basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Investigate the abundance, migration patterns, survival, and habitat use of spring chinook salmon juveniles in the Grande Ronde River basin.

ProjectBackground:
Recovery efforts for endangered stocks of Snake River salmon require life history and critical habitat information.  The spring chinook early life history study was initiated in 1993 with NMFS, ESA funds.  BPA funding for the project commenced in September of 1994.

ShortTitle:
LIFE STUDIES OF SPRING CHINOOK -GRANDE RONDE RIVER

LongTitle:
Early Life History Study of Grande Ronde River Basin Chinook Salmon


ProjectTitle:
RETURN OF THE SALMON - WENATCHEE RV FESTIVAL

Milestones:
Program support for the "Return of the Salmon--Wenatchee River Salmon Festival" with the U.S.  Forest Service at Leavenworth, Washington on October 12 and 13, 1991.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide support for the Return of the Salmon Festival at Leavenworth, WA

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide support for the Return of the Salmon Festival at Leavenworth, WA.

ProjectBackground:
There was an effort to expand the educational effort of the BPA Division of Fish and Wildlife. The objectives of the "Return of the Salmon--Wenatchee River Salmon Festival" festival are to improve the public's knowledge of fish and aquatic resources, promote interest in outdoor recreation, especially those activities associated with water, such as fishing, and develop a scholarship fund for students pursuing higher education in a natural resource field.

ShortTitle:
RETURN OF THE SALMON - WENATCHEE RIVER FESTIVAL

LongTitle:
Return of the Salmon - Wenatchee River Salmon Festival


Milestones:
The FSOC was formed in 1991 Activities include: 1994: Reviewed written operating procedures and criteria to ensure that screening facilities are properly equipped and capable of being operated according to design specifications; Conducted water velocity and flow measurements at new screening facilities to monitor whether facilities meet biological criteria; Conducted real-time visual inspections of screening facilities to ensure they are in good operating condition and provide optimal conditions for fish passage; Conducted screen integrity test with portable fish screen and screen angle test; Conducted fish behavior tests;

Results:
The FSOC  has developed a regional plan of high priority and long-term fish passage and screening improvements.  We have initiated NEPA and design of high priority projects, identified cost sharing arrangements, and implemented high priority improvements with Mitchell Act funds.

ProjectShortDescription:
Plan and oversee the environmental, design and construction of several thousand fish screens and adult fish passage facilities in the Columbia River Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Plan and oversee the environmental, design and construction of several thousand fish screens and adult fish passage facilities in the Columbia River Basin.

ProjectBackground:
This project will fund the travel and per diem costs of the Regional Fish Screening Oversight Committee (FSOC).  The FSOC will plan and oversee the environmental, design, and construction of several hundred fish screens in the Columbia River Basin.  Technical work groups will be formed as subunits of the FSOC.  This project is an early implementation effort under ESA.


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering overhead expenses associated with the Yakima Basin project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering overhead expenses associated with the Yakima Basin project.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD - YAKIMA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering - Yakima Project


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR E - RESIDENT FISH MONTANA

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD - RESIDENT FISH MONTANA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering - Resident Fish Montana


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR E - GIS PROGRAM SUPPORT

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering overhead expenses associated with GIS mapping effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering overhead expenses associated with GIS mapping effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD - GIS PROGRAM SUPPORT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering - GIS Program Support


ProjectTitle:
LIFE CYCLE MODEL DEVEL/ APPLIC TO SSP IN SNAKE RV

Milestones:
These models currently are being tested in a subsample of watersheds from California to Montana.  Following the testing phase, the BayVAM modules will be incorporated in the Federal watershed analysis protocols.  Technical transfer is an integral part of the overall effort; numerous presentations and workshops have been presented to ensure widespread distribution of all research products and allow feedback from endusers.Aid BPA in analyzing biological effects of proposed actions from subbasin plans, ISP, and other sources which are proposed to the Northwest Power Planning Council.  This will be accomplished by improving the functionality and ease of use of analytical models designed to evaluate the effectiveness of  alternative enhancement strategies, including the Stochastic Life Cycle Model (SLCM) developed at Resources for the Future (Lee and Hyman 1991).    The data analyzed for these proposed actions will be integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) data base.  This will improve and expand the information base available to fishery managers regarding the distribution, abundance, and expected viability of anadromous and resident salmonid populations within the Intermountain regionThe SLCM has been thoroughly documented, and will be published in a USFS manuscript as the final report.  The SLCM was used extensively by BPA, and has had extensive review and interest within the region.  It has been used in Cost-Effectiveness planning, and will be an integral part of future analysis.   Second year efforts will focus on application of the SLCM parameters from GIS mapping data bases for further realignment of the model parameters, production estimates, in association with a stream classification systemIn 1992-1993 Contract Period:    Worked with SLCM to develop closer ties to actual land management activities.   SLCM improved by development of interface with hypermedia software.    Expanded fisheries information system by developing information in a paired watershed project in New Meadows RD Payette NF.  Developed GIS layers for habitat information and geomorphic information.    Develop Marsh Creek M&E Plan.    Refined R-4 USFS Fish Habitat Inventory Database.    GIS-bull Trout distribution in Idaho.    GIS Coordination with other agencies

Publications:
Lee, D.C., and J.B. Hyman.  1992.  The Stochastic Life-cycle Model (SLCM): Simulating the population dynamics of anadromous salmonids.  Res. Pap. INT-459. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station,  Ogden, UT.
Lee, D.C. and W.E. Grant. 1995.  A hierarchical approach to fisheries planning and modeling in the Columbia River Basin.  Environmental Management 19:17-25.
Lee, D.C.  in press.  Assessing land-use impacts on bull trout using Bayesian belief networks.

Results:
Decision-support tools developed under this project continue to play an important role in ongoing assessment and planning activities.  The improved SLCM model is one of the principal models used by Bonneville and NMFS in assessing the possible impacts of proposed activities on threatened and endangered chinook stocks.  GIS techniques pioneered by FS researchers are being used by National Forests throughout the Northwest, the Interior Columbia River Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICRBP), and the Model Watershed process.  Recent work has focused on development of a set of models, called the Bayesian Viability Assessment Modules (BayVAM) that can be used to assess habitat condition in terms of suitability for both resident and anadromous salmonids.  These models are unique in that they allow expert knowledge to be combined with quantitative and qualitative information in a rigorous, repeatable, and defensible manner.

ProjectShortDescription:
Improve decision-support tools for (1) assessing overall program effectiveness, and more specifically (2) assessing the impacts of land-use activities on resident and anadromous salmonids in the Salmon River system.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Improve decision-support tools for assessing overall program effectiveness, & more specifically assessing the impacts of land-use activities on resident and anadromous salmonids in the Salmon River system. Improve the Stochastic Life-Cycle Model (SLCM).

ProjectBackground:
This project is part of a larger effort that is funded jointly by the USDA Forest Service (FS), Bonneville Power Administration, and the National Marine Fisheries Service. It began as an two-pronged effort to (1) improve the Stochastic Life-Cycle Model (SLCM) and provide parameter estimates for Snake River stocks, and (2) investigate means for cataloging habitat inventory information within a Geographic Information System (GIS).  The effort has since grown to a more fully integrated look at how spatially-explicit habitat and landscape information might be incorporated into population viability assessments.  While this effort is directed primarily by FS researchers in Boise and Corvallis, the principal FS investigator in this effort has maintained close coordination with other agencies within the Columbia Basin by participating as an associate member of the interagency Analytical Coordination Committee.This project will fund the efforts of the Forest Service Intermountain Research Station to continue development and application of the SLCM to anadromous fish stocks within the Snake River Basin.  The model will be applied to proposed actions from subbasin plans, the Integrated System Plan (ISP), and other documents submitted to the Northwest Power Planning Council.  Model results will be applied to cost-effectiveness analysis, and estimation of biological effects on proposed ESA candidates fish.  The SLCM will be documented, and a user-friendly interface will be incorporated.  Information gathered for the analysis will also be integrated into a GIS data base, which will have direct application to BPA's NED-GIS data  base.

ShortTitle:
DEVELOP LIFE CYCLE MODEL & APPLY TO IDAHO SALMON

LongTitle:
Life Cycle Model Development l (SLCM) and Application to System and Subbasin Planning in the Snake River Basin


Milestones:
Continuing coordination under ESA prolonged completion of CRiSP.0 in as much as requested analyses required additional revisions or addition to the code.

Results:
Further development of the CRiSP.O Model.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop the CRiSP.0 Model to enable incorporation of information and provide complete model documentation.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop the CRiSP.0 Model to enable incorporation of information and provide complete model documentation.

ProjectBackground:
The CRiSP.O Model is used to evaluate a variety of fishery mitigation measures associated with the Endangered Species Act and the Northwest Power Planning Council's amendment process.  This project develops the CRiSP.O Model to enable incorporation of information and provide complete model documentation.

LongTitle:
Development And Documentation Of The Columbia River Salmon Passage Model (CRISP.0)


ProjectTitle:
GENETIC VARIATION IN DNA OF COHO IN LWR COL  (ESA)

Milestones:
Salmon using existing probes developed from rainbow trout.  3.  Use the polymerize chain reaction to amplify a number of single-gene regions that will be tested for restriction fragment patterns in Coho salmon.  4.  Transfer the technology (BPA final report, BPA oral presentation, publish in scientific journal, and present at technical meetings). This genetic research used restriction enzyme analysis to search for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) in Coho salmon mtDNA.  The genetic variation in Coho salmon mtDNA was examined to test for such genotypes that would allow identification of current native populations of wild Coho in the LCR.  Also, it examined genetic variation in nDNA using FRLP analysis.  This required the development of DNA probes that are specific to single genetic loci.  Probes already developed for rainbow trout were used to detect genetic variation in Coho.  In addition, the polymerize chain reaction were used to amplify a number of single-gene regions that will be used to examine restriction fragment patterns in Coho. This genetic research will use restriction enzyme analysis to search for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) in Coho salmon mtDNA.

Publications:
Genetic Variation in DNA of Coho Salmon from the Lower Columbia River DOE/BP 30198-1

Results:
The primary benefit of this work will be the development of techniques that will provide the information needed to determine if Protein electrophoresis will remain the main technique to describe genetic population structure of salmon species.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop techniques that will provide information needed to determine if lower Columbia R coho salmon represent a 'species' under ESA.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop techniques that will provide information needed to determine if lower Columbia River coho salmon represent a 'species' under ESA.

ProjectBackground:
There are questions whether lower Columbia River (LCR) Coho salmon represent a "species" under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The purpose of this work is to establish the extent of genetic variation in LCR Coho in order to determine if NMFS should reconsider their determination not to list this stock under the ESA. However, techniques to examine genetic variation in the DNA directly will provide a powerful tool in special cases where it is necessary to examine genetic variation in finer detail.

LongTitle:
Genetic Variation in DNA of Coho Salmon from the Lower Columbia


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Umatilla passage effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Umatilla passage effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - MAINTENANCE OVERHEAD - UMATILLA PASSAGE

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Maintenance - Umatilla Passage


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the John Day habitat efforts.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the John Day habitat efforts.

ShortTitle:
BPA  - MAINENTANCE OVERHEAD - JOHN DAY HABITAT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Maintenance - John Day Habitat Improvements


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the wildlife program.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the wildlife program.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD - WILDLIFE PROGRAM

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Engineering - Wildlife Program


ProjectTitle:
BPA LANDS SUPPORT FOR SPRINGFIELD PROD FACIL

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for evaluation of the Springfield Aquatic Production facility.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for evaluation of the Springfield Aquatic Production facility.

ShortTitle:
BPA -LANDS SUPPORT SPRINGFIELD PRODUCTION PLANT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Lands Support for Springfield Production Facilities


ProjectTitle:
REDFISH LAKE SOCKEYE BROODSTOCK REARING/RESEARCH

Milestones:
NMFS has almost 2,100 endangered Redfish Lake sockeye salmon from fish that returned to the lake in 1991-1995 in protective culture.  The first group of captive-reared fish (1991 brood) spawned in fall 1994; producing almost 50,000 viable eggs.  NMFS captive broodstocks are projected to produce over 500,000 eggs between 1995-1998.  Eggs from these spawnings will be returned to Idaho to aid recovery efforts for Snake River sockeye salmon.Research with Lake Wenatchee sockeye salmon has demonstrated feasibility of captive broodstock culture in seawater net-pens, and rearing vessels supplied with either filtered and UV sterilized or pathogen-free freshwater.  Initial results suggest that captive broodstock culture in pathogen-free (fresh or sea) water has a higher likelihood of ensuring survival of sockeye salmon than culture in seawater net-pens.  Initial research indicates that rearing fish full-term to maturity in freshwater does not compromise seawater adaptability of offspring.Information on components of Redfish Lake sockeye brood rearing/research have been accepted for publication as:

Publications:
Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Captive Breedstock Rearing & Research DOE/BP 41841-1; 
Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Captive Breedstock Rearing & Research DOE/BP 41841-2; 
Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Captive Breedstock Rearing & Research, 1994 DOE/BP 41841-3 
Flagg, T. A., C. V. W. Mahnken, and K. A. Johnson.  1995.  Captive broodstocks for recovery of depleted populations of Pacific salmon.  Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 15:81-90.
Flagg, T. A., K. A. Johnson, and J. C. Gislason.  1994.  Redfish Lake sockeye salmon broodstock programs.  In Proceedings of the 1993 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Sockeye Culture Workshop.  Cooper Landing, Alaska.  10 p.  (Available from Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA  98112.)
Flagg, T. A.  1993.  Redfish Lake sockeye salmon captive broodstock rearing and research, 1991-1992.  Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Contract DE-AI79-92BP41841.  16 p.  (Available from Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA  98112.)
Flagg, T. A., and W. C. McAuley.  1994.  Redfish Lake sockeye salmon captive broodstock rearing and research, 1991-1993.  Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Contract DE-AI79-92BP41841.  99 p.  (Available from Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA  98112.)
Flagg, T. A.,  W. C. McAuley, M. R. Wastel, D. A. Frost, and C. V. W. Mahnken.  In prep.  Redfish Lake sockeye salmon captive broodstock rearing and research, 1991-1994.  Report to Bonneville Power Administration, Contract DE-AI79-92BP41841.  (Available from Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA  98112.)

Results:
A captive broodstock for Redfish Lake sockeye has been effectively established.

ProjectShortDescription:
Incubate and rear juvenile Redfish Lake sockeye salmon; compare freshwater and saltwater rearing for sockeye salmon.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Incubate and rear juvenile Redfish Lake sockeye salmon; compare freshwater and saltwater rearing for sockeye salmon.

ProjectBackground:
The Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in collaboration with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, has been conducting research to prevent extinction of Snake River sockeye salmon.  NMFS listed the Snake River sockeye salmon as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in December 1991.  NMFS recovery efforts for this stock center on captive broodstocks for production of juveniles for supplementation.  Implementation and refinement of captive broodstocks for recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon are identified as a priorities [4.1.a; 4.1. cl in the proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River salmon.Snake River sockeye salmon are a prime example of a species on the threshold of extinction.  The last known remnants of this stock return to Redfish Lake in the Sawtooth Basin of Idaho at the headwaters of the Salmon River.  Only a few sockeye salmon adults (one to eight per year) have returned to Redfish Lake in each of the last 5 years. on the basis of these critically low population numbers, NMFS implemented captive broodstocks as an emergency measure for Redfish Lake sockeye salmon.Redfish Lake sockeye salmon captive broodstocks are being maintained in captivity throughout their life and their offspring will be released to supplement the wild population.  Each yearclass is maintained for only a single generation, or a limited number of generations, to help assure that adaptability to native habitats is preserved.  Mating strategies for fish reared in captivity have been established to maintain and enhance genetic diversity.Theoretically, the relatively high fecundity of anadromous Pacific salmon, coupled with potentially high survival in protective culture, should allow captive broodstocks to produce large numbers of juveniles in a single generation to help "jump-start" the population.  Nevertheless, although the basis for captive broodstock technology is known, its application to threatened and endangered stocks of Pacific salmon is in its infancy.  Therefore, research to refine aspects of captive broodstocking has been conducted using surrogate sockeye salmon stocks (e.g., Lake Wenatchee).Supplementation with juveniles from captive broodstocks will result in substantial returns of adults sockeye salmon to Redfish Lake and should lead to rebuilding of the natural run and delisting.Project 92-40 is part of a cooperative effort by the NMFS, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, IDFG, and BPA to help rebuild the endangered population of Snake River sockeye salmon

ShortTitle:
REDFISH LAKE SOCKEYE BROODSTOCK REARING/RESEARCH

LongTitle:
Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Captive Broodstock Rearing and Research


Milestones:
Adult fish passage timing was assessed in the Snake River during 1991-94.  Passage time are on the order of 1 day/project (+/-); intradam loss averaged less than 5%/dam.  Assessment of factors associated with passage behavior are continuing.  FY 1995 and beyond:  Continue to provide joint funding with Corps to evaluate adult fish passage in the FCRPS.Evaluations are ongoing.  Available data indicate relatively good passage rates; traps at IHR and LGR may contribute to some delayMultiyear study, planned for lower Columbia River following completion of ongoing evaluation in lower Snake.     1995 activities include analysis/final report on Snake River evaluations and preparatory work for lower Columbia adult passage evaluations in 1996-2000Project evaluate adult salmon passage at dams, through reservoirs and into tributaries using radio tracking data on passage times and delays, migration rate, dam entrance profiles, and effect of operations (e.g., effect of spill and zero nighttime flow on migration are assessed.

Results:
Data usable to enhance adult salmonid passage at dams.

ProjectShortDescription:
The project goals are to assess the success of adult salmon and steelhead passage at the four dams and reservoirs in the lower Columbia River and into the tributaries, to evaluate specific flow and spill conditions on adult fish migration, and to evaluate the various measures under taken to improve adult fish passage in the lower Columbia River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Assess the success of adult salmon and steelhead passage at the four dams and reservoirs in the lower Columbia River and into the tributaries; Evaluate specific flow and spill conditions on adult fish migration.

ProjectBackground:
This project was designed to provide data on which dam and system operations can be based to ensure adequate fish passage conditions are provided.

LongTitle:
Fish Passage Evaluations, Lower Columbia River


ProjectTitle:
FISH PASSAGE EVALUATIONS - LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER

Milestones:
The BPA and COE are cost sharing throughout this five year program.  Costs incurred in 1995 for program planning were approximately $255,000.  Efforts included finalization of the study design; the determination, purchase, and installation of necessary equipment; and preliminary trapping and tag implantation evaluations.  Physiological evaluations of adult lamprey tagging procedures were also conducted.  In 1996,  BPA and COE contributions totaled $350,000, and approximately $1,000,000 respectively.  Program implementation, data collection, and analysis began in 1996.Completed installation of radio telemetry equipment at dams and mouths of tributaries. Finalized the protocols and computer programs for collecting and processing the fish movement data. Determined the proportion of fish passing Bonneville Dam that ultimately pass the upstream dams, enter tribs, enter hatcheries, are taken in fisheries, and are losses between dams.  Assessed the time for fish to pass each dam and reservoir.  Evaluated the entrance use and passage through dam fishways.  Evaluated the effects of operation of the Bonneville Navigation Lock on movement of adult salmon and steelhead in passing the dam or entering the hatchery.  Assessed the amount of natural fallback of fish at each of the dams

Results:
Monitoring devices established at dams. Data accumulated on fish passage

ProjectShortDescription:
Assess the success of adult salmon and steelhead passage at the four dams and reservoirs in the lower Columbia River and into the tributaries; evaluate specific flow and spill conditions on adult fish migration, and the various measures under taken to improve adult fish passage in the lower Columbia River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Assess the success of adult salmon and steelhead passage at the four dams and reservoirs in the lower Columbia River and into the tributaries; evaluate various measures under taken to improve adult fish passage in the lower Columbia River.

ProjectBackground:
Project goals are to assess the success of passage of adult salmon and steelhead at the four dams and reservoirs in the lower Columbia River and into the tributaries, to evaluate specific flow and spill conditions, and to evaluate measures to improve passage

ShortTitle:
FISH PASSAGE EVALUATIONS - LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER

LongTitle:
Lower Columbia River Adult Salmon and Steelhead Passage Study


ProjectTitle:
RANGE MGMT - TRACY ROCK SHARP-TAILED GROUSE

Milestones:
A range management plan was produced by Don Chapman and Associates.

ProjectShortDescription:
Obtain range management expertise for the site specific management process on the Swanson Lake (Tracy Rock) Sharp-tailed group project in WA.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Obtain range management expertise for the site specific management process on the Swanson Lake (Tracy Rock) Sharp-tailed group project in Lincoln Co., WA.

ProjectBackground:
The objective of this contract is to obtain range management expertise during the site-specific management planning process on the Tracy Rock Sharp-tailed Grouse project in Lincoln County, Washington.

ShortTitle:
RANGE MANAGEMENT -SWANSON LAKE SHARP-TAILED GROUSE

LongTitle:
Range Management--Swanson Lake (Tracy Rock) Sharp-Tailed Grouse  Mitigation Project


ProjectTitle:
INTEGRATED HATCHERY OPERATIONS TEAM          (EIP)

Milestones:
Existing hatchery operation policies for each operating entity have been developed.  Operational plans for all hatcheries in an agreed-upon format have been developed.  Draft policies for coordinated operations have been preparedJanuary 1993:  Began Annual Reports to Council.January 1994:  Complete implementation guidelines, performance standards and operating guidelines consistent with NMFS Recovery Plan.June 1994:  Submit Plan for implementing  Production Policies.Complete Report and Analysis of Existing Policies March 31, 1993 Complete Regional Policies and Performance Standards June 30, 1993 Complete Implementation and M&E Plans    November 1993 Complete Policy Reviews and Coordinations for implementation January 31, 1993

Publications:
IHOT- Policies and Procedures for Columbia Basin Anadromous Salmonid Hatcheries DOE/BP 60629;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Existing Policy Affecting Hatcheries in the Columbia River Basin: Combined Reports DOE/BP 60629-1;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume III DOE/BP 60629-2;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume IV DOE/BP 60629-3;  
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume V DOE/BP 60629-4;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume II DOE/BP 60629-5;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume IV Addendum, Rocky Reach Hatchery DOE/BP 60629-6;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team:  Operations Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facility in the Columbia River Basin, Volume I DOE/BP 60629-7;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team-Operation Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facilities in the Columbia River Basin, Volume 1- Idaho DOE/BP 60629-9;   
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team-Operation Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facilities in the Columbia River Basin - Volume II - Oregon DOE/BP 60629-10; 
Integrated Hatchery Operations Team - Operation Plans for Anadromous Fish Production Facilities in the Columbia River Basin - Volume III DOE/BP 60629-11

Results:
The Guidelines and Implementation Plan has been completed.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop and implement artificial propagation guidelines, plans, policies and performance measures.  Implement stated objectives resulting from the hatchery audit process.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop and implement artificial propagation guidelines, plans, policies and performance measures.  Implement stated objectives resulting from the hatchery audit process.

ProjectBackground:
.During 1991, the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) completed Phase I (EIP) and Phase II Amendments to the Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program to strengthen the regional salmon and steelhead rebuilding plan.  This project  will develop consistent basinwide artificial propagation guidelines so hatchery fish are better able to survive and do not negatively affect wild fish.  The project will develop documents containing policies and operating guidelines, regional implementation plan, and performance standards to allow evaluation.     The coordination necessary for a successful product by the IHOT Team would appear insurmountable.  Coordination will be done with the Council staff, Council Genetic Team, Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Ad-Hoc Technical Team for supplementation, Scientific Review Group for Policy Review Group, Technical and Production Advisory Committees of US/Oregon, Coordination Information System, and the National Marine Fisheries Service Recovery Team.The project will develop regionally integrated policies for the management and operation of all existing and proposed artificial propagation facilities.    Following are the objectives that will accomplish the program:    Objective 1:  Review of existing hatchery management and operation policies.     Objective 2:  Develop regionally integrated hatchery management and operation policies.    Objective 3:  Develop an implementation and evaluation plan.    Objective 4:  Develop a standardized information reporting system for hatchery programs and compile regional information on hatchery operations.     Objective 5:  Define performance measures and hatchery audit criteria for existing and new hatcheries in the Columbia Basin.

ShortTitle:
INTEGRATED HATCHERY OPERATIONS AND POLICY

LongTitle:
Integrated Hatchery Operations and Policy Development


ProjectTitle:
STANLEY BASIN TECH OVERSIGHT COMM MTG WRITER (ESA)

ShortTitle:
STANLEY BASIN TECHNICAL OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE WRITER

LongTitle:
Stanley Basin Techincal Oversight Committee Meeting Writer


ProjectTitle:
CASCADE IRRIGATION DISTRICT FISH SCREENS

ProjectShortDescription:
Construct fish screens at the Cascade irigation pumping station in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Construct fish screens at the Cascade irigation pumping station in the Yakima Basin.

ProjectBackground:
This is a fish screening project to prevent juvenile salmon and steelhead from entering an irrigation pumping station on the Yakima River system.  The new fish screens are part of the Yakima Phase II screen program pursuant to Section 900 of the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program.

ShortTitle:
CASCADE IRRIGATION DISTRICT FISH SCREENS

LongTitle:
Cascade Irrigation District Fish Screens


ProjectTitle:
UPSTRM PASS,SPWNG,& STK ID OF SNAKE RV FALL CHNK

Milestones:
Evaluated the extent and identification of the causes of inter-dam adult losses.  Attempted to determine the disposition of 50 percent of fall Chinook adults that cannot be accounted for between Ice Harbor and Lower Granite Dams.  Determined the causes and the amount of hatchery straying.  Evaluated the genetic profile of the returning adults and their offspring.  Evaluated of the extent and identification of the causes of inter-dam adult losses. Determined genetic structure and population status of naturally spawning Snake River fall Chinook.  Identified spawning ground distribution of adult fall Chinook on the Snake River.

Publications:
Upstream Passage, Spawning, & Stock Identification of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake River DOE/BP 60415-1

Results:
Adult count; mark ratio; stock composition above Lower Granite based on CWTs.  1.  Spawning ground sampled; carcasses collected; possible spatial difference for hatchery/wild determined.  2.  Juveniles collected; verification of falls; baseline developed and reported.  Tags and equipment purchased; adults tagged; mortality and tag loss assessed; migration and spawning monitored below Lower Granite Dam.  Analysis for annual report.  Monitor for deep-water spawning; mark redds in deep water for aerial counting.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the genetic structure and population status of naturally spawning Snake River fall Chinook; Determine inter-dam losses.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the genetic structure and population status of naturally spawning Snake River fall Chinook; Determine inter-dam losses.

ProjectBackground:
Redd counts  of fall Chinook above Lower Granite in recent years average only 1 redd for every 8.5 adults passing the dam

ShortTitle:
PASSAGE, SPAWNING & IDENTITY- SNAKE RIVER CHINOOK

LongTitle:
Upstream Passage, Spawning, and Stock Identification of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Snake River and itsTributaries


Milestones:
Phase I (10/1/92-3/31/93) involved completion of predesign activities including coordination & the development of a project task team, preparation of a comprehensive long-term management plan and an interagency agreement, & conducting preliminary release site surveys of the project area.  Benefits include a long-term management plan and the identification of potential release sites.  Phase II (4/1/93-present) is project implementation.  A final release site was selected & eleven fledgling peregrine falcons were released in 1993.  Six more were released in 1994.  Due to predation at the release site, a new release site will be established in 1995.An interagency task team was developed; a long-term management plan was completed and distributed to all interested and involved parties; numerous local and regional newspaper articles were published about the project; monthly progress reports are submitted to BPA; articles are prepared and published in NPS scientific journals and reports; an NPS interpretive slide presentation was developed and is presented to park visitors; an NPS interpretive site bulletin was prepared and is available to the public; and, formal and informal briefings and presentations are given to agency, interagency, community, academic and other special interest groups.  Eleven fledgling peregrine falcons were released in 1993, and six more in 1994; release data is collected and is published in annual Peregrine Fund reports.  Additional releases of at least five fledglings per year are planned for  FY95, FY96 and FY97, if needed.

Results:
Developed a comprehensive long-term management plan and a Bonneville Power Administration/National Park Service (BPA/NPS) Memorandum of Agreement for the Peregrine Falcon Reintroduction Project

ProjectShortDescription:
Reintroduce successful breeding pair of peregrine falcons to Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Reintroduce successful breeding pair of peregrine falcons to Lake Roosevelt.

ProjectBackground:
This project is focused on the reintroduction of the Peregrine Falcon in the Lake Roosevelt area..

ShortTitle:
LAKE ROOSEVELT PEREGRINE FALCON REINTRODUCTION

LongTitle:
Lake Roosevelt Peregrine Falcon Reintroduction Project


Milestones:
Developed a comprehensive long-term management plan and, conducted a Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) on the Project area to aid in preparing the management plan and to project and evaluate the results of mitigation enhancement efforts.  Completed the NEPA review.  Purchased 4,820 acres of critical wildlife habita (Khune property in scattered segments) for $2,288,954..

Results:
As of August, 1995 the project has permanently protected 4,820 acres of big game winter range.

ProjectShortDescription:
Purchase and enhance approximately 17,000 acres of upland shrub-stippe, forest habitat on the Colville Reservation.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchase and enhance approximately 4800 acres of upland shrub-steppe, forest habitat on the Colville Reservation.

ProjectBackground:
Hellsgate Big Game Winter Range was proposed in 1992 by the Colville Tribe as partial mitigation for Grand Coulee.

ShortTitle:
HELLSGATE BIG GAME WINTER RANGE - COLVILLE TRIBE

LongTitle:
Hellsgate Big Game Winter Range - Colville Reservation


Milestones:
Major pre-design project activities included are the development of a comprehensive long-term management plan for the three target parcels included within the old Shillapoo Lakebed; the use of the HEP to determine current status and future enhancement potential of the three sites consistent with mitigation goals and objectives; and the completion of project reports. Develop a comprehensive long-term management plan and, conduct a full scale Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP) to determine current status and enhancement potential for the Vancouver Lowlands Acquisition and Enhancement project.

Results:
Comprehensive long-term management plan and full scale Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP)relative to current status and enhancement potential for the Vancouver Lowlands Acquisition and Enhancement project.

ProjectShortDescription:
Purchase and enhance 814 acres of wetlands, riparian and uplands near Vancouver Washington.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchase and enhance about 800 acres of wetlands, riparian and uplands near Vancouver Washington.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project is to complete certain pre-design activities and analysis for the Vancouver Lowlands Acquisition and Enhancement wildlife mitigation proposal.  The proposal was developed by the Washington State Department of Wildlife (WDW) to begin addressing wildlife impacts caused by the construction and operation of Bonneville Dam

LongTitle:
Vancouver Lowlands Wildlife Habitat Acquisition And Enhancement


ProjectShortDescription:
Internal NEPA support for the  Vancouver Lowlands project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Internal NEPA support for the  Vancouver Lowlands project.

ShortTitle:
BPA - VANCOUVER LOWLANDS WILDLIFE TRACT (NEPA)

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Vancouver Lowlands Wildlife Tract  (NEPA Work)


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR M - SNAKE RIVER HABITAT

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Snake River habitat effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Snake River habitat effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - MAINTENANCE OVERHEAD - SNAKE RIVER HABITAT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Maintenance - Snake River Habitat Projects


ProjectTitle:
ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR JOHN DAY HABITAT

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the John Day habitat restoration effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the John Day habitat restoration effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR JOHN DAY HABITAT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for John Day Habitat Projects


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the proposed Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the proposed Nez Perce Tribal Hatchery effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - LANDS SUPPORT FOR NEZ PERCE HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Lands Support for Nez Perce Hatchery


ProjectTitle:
RINGOLD HATCHERY WATER SUPPLY                (ESA)

Milestones:
This project funded the design of an improved water supply for the Ringold Hatchery Complex (WDF/WDW).

Results:
Improved water supplies for Ringold Hatchery.

ProjectShortDescription:
Design improved water supply for the Ringold Hatchery complex.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design improved water supply for the Ringold Hatchery complex.

ProjectBackground:
The Ringold Hatchery Complex facility presently raises steelhead and spring Chinook salmon, but the existing water supply is inadequate.  Capturing spring water supplies adjacent to the facilities would improve the t production.


ProjectTitle:
POP STRUCT OF COHO SALMON IN LWR COLUMBIA RV

ShortTitle:
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF COHO - LOWER COLUMBIA

LongTitle:
Population Structure of Coho Salmon in the Lower Columbia River


ProjectTitle:
DOC AND ESTIMATING PASSAGE USING VIDEO TECH

Milestones:
Develop a method to assess adult salmonid passage at Lower Granite Dam that is more accurate and economically efficient than current methods and provides a permanent record of fish passage events, particularly for sockeye and Chinook salmon stocks that have been listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Test feasibility of video counting salmonids in place of fish counters at Lower Granite Dam.  Install video system, document fish ladder passage estimates, test precision of fish counts, compare costs of video versus fish counter counts, confirm specimen identification, adapt computerized video tape analysis system for project, and investigate image processing technique that could identify salmonids through computer technology. Test feasibility of video counting salmonids in place of fish counters at Lower Granite Dam.  Install video system, document fish ladder passage estimates, test precision of fish counts, compare costs of video versus fish counter counts, confirm specimen identification, adapt computerized video tape analysis system for project, and investigate image processing technique that could identify salmonids through computer technology.

Publications:
The Feasibility of Documenting and Estimating Adult Fish Passage at Large Hydroelectric Facilities in the Snake River Using Video Technology DOE/BP 61404-1.  
The Feasibility of Documenting and Estimating Adult Fish Passage at Large Hydroelectric Facilities in the Snake River Using Video Technology DOE/BP 61404-2

Results:
More accurate and efficient counting method

ProjectShortDescription:
Test feasibility of video counting salmonids in place of fish counters at Lower Granite Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Test feasibility of video counting salmonids in place of fish counters at Lower Granite Dam.

ProjectBackground:
Need to improve the accuracy of the present adult counting procedure at Lower Granite Dam..

ShortTitle:
DOCUMENTING & ESTIMATING PASSAGE- VIDEO TECHNOLOGY

LongTitle:
Feasibility of Documenting and Estimating Adult Fish Passage at Large Hydroelectric Facilities in the Snake River Using Video Technology


ProjectTitle:
ECOSYSTEM MODELING FOR SOR/AFWG AND HYBRID CRISP

Milestones:
This project provided expert consultation and quantitative analyses for the SOR.  Several technical working groups, including the Anadromous Fish Work Group, were formed to complete many complex analyses of system operations. A hybrid CRiSP/CREM model was developed.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide expert consultation and quantitative analyses for the System Operation Review (SOR).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide expert consultation and quantitative analyses for the System Operation Review (SOR).

ProjectBackground:
The SOR or System Operation Review is a comprehensive environmental study of the operation of the Federal Columbia River Hydropower System conducted by BPA, COE, and BOR. Development of a hybrid CRiSP/CREM model was required to refine and incorporate predation processes into the CRiSP passage model being used for SOR analysis of various hydrosystem operation alternatives.

ShortTitle:
ECOSYSTEM MODELING FOR SOR/AFWG AND HYBRID CRISP

LongTitle:
Ecosystem Modeling Expertise  for Systems Operation Review (SOR),  AFWG and HYBRID CRISP


Milestones:
In mitigation for the Dworshak Dam, BPA purchased 59,661 acres for $7,100,000.  BPA, the State of Idaho and the Nez Perce Indian Tribe formulated this agreement and BPA established the Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Trust Fund .  The maximum term would be for 60 years but dependent upon BPA's decisions to exercise its options to make additional payments to the Nez Perce Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Trust Fund and the Idaho Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Fund.

Results:
The agreement created a working document and plan. A Dworshak wildlife Mitigation Advisory Committee was established made up of representatives of state, Federal and tribal bodies. The state and tribe would be responsible for their own project areas funded under the agreement..

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop method to fund the Nez Perce Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Trust Fund. Transfer monies to be used in various projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchased the Penne Lands, ca. 60,000 acres as the Craig Mtn Wildlife tract.  Established the Nez Perce Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Trust Fund. Transfer monies to be used in various projects.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this agreement was to establish an arrangement that provides for the protection, mitigation, and enhancement of wildlife and wildlife habitat within Idaho affected by the development of Dworshak Dam.


ProjectTitle:
AMAZON BASIN / EUGENE WETLANDS - PHASE I

Milestones:
Completed program management plan, memorandum of understanding and habitat evaluation.  Acquired option on Bailey Hill Parcel winter 1993.  Option to acquire  Bailey Hill property (conservation easement from TNC) was exercised in March, l995. Cost was $1,508,000.  Habitat Evaluation Report and Preliminary Management Plan/Environmental Assessment have been completed as of March, l995.  Habitat evaluations and an environmental assessment were completed for the project in 1995.  The Nature Conservancy and Bonneville Power Administration acquired fee ownership and conservation easements (respectively) on 329 acres.  The conservation easements cost $1,112,500.   The site is part of the larger West Eugene Wetlands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, City of Eugene, and The Nature Conservancy.   Project partners have provided staff expertise, funding, and volunteer assistance to reduce management costs for the site.  The first year of management implementation is currently underway and is budgeted at $46,538.97.

Results:
The tract has been purchased and a management plan prepared.

ProjectShortDescription:
Continue implementation of management activities as defined in the Management Plan for the Willow Creek Natural Area for the following target species:  beaver, black capped chickadee, red-tailed hawk, valley quail, western meadowlark, yellow warbler, and western pond turtle.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchased an easement on 349 acres, the Willow Creek Natural Area. Eugene, OR. Developed management plan. Target species include:  beaver, black capped chickadee, red-tailed hawk, valley quail, western meadowlark, yellow warbler, & western pond turtle.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project is to develop a comprehensive long-range mitigation and management plan for the Willow Creek Natural Area near Eugene, OR..

ShortTitle:
AMAZON BASIN (WILLOW CREEK - EUGENE WETLANDS)

LongTitle:
Amazon Basin (Willow Creek or Eugene Wetlands) Wildlife Project


Milestones:
In May l986 the Anderson Ranch Wildlife Impact Assessment was completed.  In June l987 the Wildlife, Protection, Mitigation and Enhancement Plan for Anderson Ranch was completed.  The Camas Prairie area, the selected site, includes unique systems with diverse plant and animal species, and natural functions in those ecosystems are increasingly threatened by agricultural and livestock uses and poor water management.  The area is also of great cultural and historical significance to the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes.  Concerned stakeholders, including county commissioners, landowners and interested citizens, have been involved in this project and expect it to develop.  About 4,079 habitat units of the 5,620 habitat units provided by this project are in the NPPC program's high priority habitat types.Products to be initiated in this planning phase include (1) documentation of a public meeting and incorporation/consideration of public comments,  (2) a draft of programmatic conservation easement terms and conditions, (3) a list of potential protection/enhancement alternatives, and (4) a map of the project area.  Products to be completed in FY 1995 include (1) an estimation of wildlife benefits and relative costs within the study area, (2) a monitoring and evaluation plan, (3) cost estimates of proposed mitigation activities, (4) a prioritized list of areas to protect and/or enhance, (5) a draft programmatic plan, and (6) the final long-term programmatic management plan, with NEPA documentation. Implementation will begin after completion of the management plan.  This project is planned to be completed in FY95.

Results:
Steps towards completion of the Camas Prairie project.

ProjectShortDescription:
Implement mitigation measures identified in the Programmatic Management Plan/Environmental Assessment.  Address losses of riparian, wetland, and upland habitats associated with the development of Anderson Ranch Dam.  Develop site plans for the Camas Prairie mitigation project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Implement mitigation measures identified in the Programmatic Management Plan/Environmental Assessment.  Address losses of riparian, wetland, and upland habitats associated with the  Anderson Ranch Dam.  Develop site plans for the Camas Prairie project.

ProjectBackground:
In l950 Anderson Ranch Dam was completed.  It inundated 4,740 acres of wildlife habitat. This is an attempt to mitigate for those losses.  Goals include development of a programmatic management plan, development of programmatic conservation easement terms and conditions, prioritization of protection and/or enhancement options and areas, development of a Memorandum of Agreement  concerning implementation of wildlife mitigation actions, and to conduct a Habitat Evaluation on the areas of concern.

ShortTitle:
CAMAS PRAIRIE WILDLIFE MITIGATION PROJECT

LongTitle:
Camas Prairie Wildlife Mitigation Project: Planning and Implementation


Milestones:
In August l988 the Albeni Falls Loss Assessment and Mitigation Plan was completed.  Products to be initiated in this planning phase include (1) documentation of a public meeting and incorporation/consideration of public comments,  (2) a draft of programmatic conservation easement terms and conditions, (3) a list of potential protection/enhancement alternatives, and (4) a map of the project area.  Products to be completed in FY 1995 include (1) an estimation of wildlife benefits and relative costs within the study area, (2) a monitoring and evaluation plan, (3) cost estimates of proposed mitigation activities, (4) a prioritized list of areas to protect and/or enhance, (5) a draft programmatic plan, and (6) the final long-term programmatic management plan, with NEPA documentation. Implementation will begin after completion of the management plan.  The management plan and NEPA documentation are planned to be completed in FY95.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop and implement the Programmatic Albeni Falls Wildlife Management Plan / Environmental Assessment. Implement habitat protection and enhancement activities described in the Plan to mitigate loss of habitat from the development of Albeni Falls Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop and implement the Programmatic Albeni Falls Wildlife Management Plan / Environmental Assessment. Implement habitat protection and enhancement activities described in the Plan to mitigate loss of habitat from the development of Albeni Falls Dam.

ProjectBackground:
In l985 Albeni Falls Dam was completed.  It inundated 6,617 acres of wildlife habitat. This project was developed to address wildlife habitat protection opportunities that would otherwise be lost as land values continue to increase and urban development expands in the Pend Oreille Lake area.  The urbanization of rural lands causes particular concern because the conversion is essentially permanent and the associated changes in habitat quality extend beyond urban boundaries.  Habitat losses resulting from the construction and operation of Albeni Falls Dam are ongoing as shoreline erosion and the subsequent removal of native shoreline vegetation have been exacerbated by sustained high water levels.  Public meeting reveal concern that the project is taking too long in implementing permanent wildlife habitat protection measures..

LongTitle:
Planning and Analysis Necessary for Wildlife Mitigation Implementation in the Pack River and Clark Fork River Drainages: Pend Orielle Wetlands


Milestones:
The project area is that defined in the Albeni Falls Environmental Assessment and refers to the general area around Pend Oreille Lake and River in northern Idaho.  Upon completion of the basinwide Wildlife Mitigation Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision, the project area will be expanded to include all of Benewah, Shoshone, Kootenai, Bonner, and Boundary Counties in northern Idaho.

ProjectShortDescription:
Memorandum of agreement between BPA and IDFG for wildlife mitigation pertaining to the Albeni Falls Dam project.  Focus is on land or easement acquisition  and enhancement in the Pend Oreille Lake Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Memorandum of agreement between BPA and IDFG for wildlife mitigation pertaining to the Albeni Falls Dam project.  Focus is on land or easement acquisition  and enhancement in the Pend Oreille Lake Basin.

ProjectBackground:
Memorandum of Agreement between BPA and the State of Idaho, Idaho Fish and Game Commission and Idaho Department of Fish and Game relative to wildlife mitigation for the Albeni Falls Dam.  Basically BPA purchased habitat units and IDFG uses the funds to acquire lands, easements, or enhances tracts to fulfill its part of the agreement.  Individual project managemetn is handled therefore by IDFG and not BPA.

LongTitle:
Memorandum of Agreement between BPA and IDFG for Albeni Falls Dam Mitigation.


ProjectTitle:
LOWER YAKIMA VALLEY RIPARIAN/WETLANDS - PHASE I

Milestones:
This Wildlife Mitigation project will be implemented by the Yakima Indian Nation (YIN),   The advance design work was completed in 1992-1993.  This project will build upon that work  Specifically, this project will provide the means to secure lands through fee title or conservation easement, develop site-specific management plans, and begin the baseline monitoring and evaluation practices as outlined in the advance design report completed during 1992-1993.  Another portion of this project will be to document the levels of effort required to perform the tasks  identified.  This will be necessary for the long-term planning of the mitigation effort.   A programmatic management plan and EA have been completed.  The project has permanently  protected 453 acres of wetlands (an easement on Double Z Ranch purchased for $825,000)  Approximately 3000 acres of wetlands have been leased for one yearfor $38,197 [ pending the development of a long-term protection agreement. An addition 4,420 habitat Unit acres are being acquired for about $2,713,117.

Results:
As of August, 1995, the project has permanently protected 453 acres to be converted back to wetlands.  Enhancement/restoration efforts have been initiated.

ProjectShortDescription:
Plan and implement YIN activities under Washington Wildlife Agreement by protecting and enhancing riparian and wetland habitat in the Yakama Reservation..

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Plan and implement YIN activities under Washington Wildlife Agreement by protecting and enhancing riparian and wetland habitat in the Yakama Reservation. Acquire an easement on Double Z Ranch (435 acres) and obtain an addition 4,420 acres of habitat units

ProjectBackground:
Proposed by the Yakama Indian Nation as partial mitigation for the Lower Four Columbia Dams.This project encompasses on-reservation bottomlands along the Yakima River and Toppenish and Satus Creek corridors.  The purpose of this project is to begin the implementation of the YIN Lower Yakima Valley Wetlands  and Riparian Wildlife Mitigation Project. This project is being undertaken pursuant to section 1003(b)(7) of the Wildlife Mitigation Rule promulgated by the Council.  The Lower Yakima Valley Wetlands and Riparian Project is consistent with subbasin wildlife mitigation priorities established by the Council.  This proposal also reflects and supports the wildlife mitigation objectives developed for the lower Columbia River Dams resulting from the Power Council mandated public revue process outlined in section 1003(b)(4)(B) and (D) of the Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program.

ShortTitle:
LOWER YAKIMA VALLEY RIPARIAN/WETLANDS - PHASE I

LongTitle:
Yakama Indian Nation Lower Yakima Valley Wetlands and Riparian Wildlife Mitigation


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Management support for the ESA (Endangered Species Act) Team.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Management support for the ESA (Endangered Species Act) Team.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - OVERHEAD COSTS FOR ESA TEAM

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Cost for the BPA Power Managment ESA Team


ProjectTitle:
HYDROPOWER ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION STUDY - VOL II

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide technical assistance to BPA in selection and development of case studies for NW hydropower projects and to DOE in identifying and reporting benefits and costs for NW fish passage/protection facilities.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide technical assistance to BPA in selection and development of case studies for NW hydropower projects and to DOE in identifying and reporting benefits and costs for NW fish passage/protection facilities.

ProjectBackground:
To promote cooperation between the Department of Energy (DOE) and BPA.  DOE- Idaho was encouraged to seek BPA's financial support on a Hydropower Environmental study.

ShortTitle:
HYDROPOWER ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION STUDY - VOL II

LongTitle:
Hydropower Environmental Mitigation Study - Vol II


Milestones:
Provided public information on: 1.  Overall fish and wildlife program.  2.  Squawfish management program in Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's 1994 Sport Fishing Regulations pamphlet.

Results:
Washington Department of Wildlife's 1994 Game Fish Regulations Pamphlet.

ProjectShortDescription:
Public information on ratepayers investment in fish and wildlife recovery.  Special focus on the squawfish program.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Public information on ratepayers investment in fish and wildlife recovery.  Special focus on the squawfish program.

ProjectBackground:
Washington Department of Wildlife's 1994 Game Fish Regulations Pamphlet.

ShortTitle:
FISH AND WILDLIFE PUBLIC EDUCATION PROJECT

LongTitle:
Fish and Wildlife Public Education Project


ProjectTitle:
MASS MARKING SPR CHNK-RAPID RV/PAHSIMEROI HTCHS

Milestones:
Objectives include: 1.  Identify hatchery from wild.  2.  Evaluate mortality difference between Ad and LU.  3.  Evaluate hatchery production survivals.  4.  Evaluate areas of contribution to fisheries This project mass marked all of the 1991 brood spring Chinook from Rapid River and Pahsimeroi Hatcheries for release in 1993.  They used a combination of Ad-CWT and LU-CWT and fin clip only and some pit-tags.

Results:
Clearer view of the role of Rapid River and Pahsimeroi hatcheries.

ProjectShortDescription:
Mass mark all 1991 brood spring chinook for release in 1993 from the Pahsimeroi and Rapid River hatcheries.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Mass mark all 1991 brood spring chinook for release in 1993 from the Pahsimeroi and Rapid River hatcheries.

ProjectBackground:
An evaluation of the hatcheries production program and its contribution to fisheries was needed.  It was also essential to be able to separate hatchery from wild fish at the hatchery or on the spawning grounds.

ShortTitle:
MARK CHINOOK- RAPID RIVER / PAHSIMEROI HATCHERIES

LongTitle:
Mass Marking of Salmon at Rapid River and Pahsimeroi Hatcheries


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR M - RESIDENT FISH MONTANA

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Resident Fish program in Montana.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Maintenance support for the Resident Fish program in Montana.

ShortTitle:
BPA - MAINTENANCE OVERHEAD - MONTANA RESIDENT FISH

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Overhead Costs for Maintenance - Resident Fish Montana


Milestones:
This project began with a  survey of all known populations of the Western Pond Turtle and identification of those having the best potential for future management, enhancement and/or protection; characterization of population structure, movements and habitat use; analysis of genetic variability; and development of a draft comprehensive management plan for future mitigation activities.    Data will be obtained from as many as four ponds (near Mosier in the Columbia River Gorge, Stanley Creek of the Coast Fork of the Willamette River, Carmine Lake in the Umpqua Basin, and a site near Glide, Oregon in the Umpqua Basin), and one stream site (either in the Klamath or Umpqua Basin), and one stream site (either Graves Creek in the Rogue Basin or Hayfork Creek in northern California).  Work outside the Willamette Basin is essential, since there are currently not sufficient numbers of sites having healthy turtle populations in the Willamette Basin. The project has since been broadened to include other species. Project has surveyed known populations and identified lands necessary to mitigate for these species' loss of habitat due to Willamette basin hydro facilities.  Draft management plan for the Willamette basin was submitted to BPA for review in Jan. 1994. Draft management plan for the Willamette basin was submitted to BPA for review in Jan. 1994, and will be available in April, l995.

Publications:
The Western Pond Turtle:  Habitat and History DOE/BP 62137-1

Results:
Steps towards mitigation for wildlife habitat losses attended to Willamette Basin dams.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct BEP analysis for the confluence area of the Coast Fork and Middle Fork Willamette Rivers, complete data acquisition on western pond turtles, determine feasibility of acquisition, conservation easements and site restoration, and assemble information for a site management plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct BEP analysis for the confluence of the Coast Fork & Middle Fork Willamette Rivers, complete data acquisition on western pond turtles, determine feasibility of acquisition, easements & site restoration. Gather information for site management plan.

ProjectBackground:
The original proposal focused on  Western Pond Turtle mitigation/implementation.

ShortTitle:
WILLAMETTE BASIN MITIGATION (WILLOW CREEK)

LongTitle:
Willamette Basin Mitigation (Willow Creek - Western Pond Turtle)


Milestones:
An inventory of the vegetation types and rare plants present on the Craig Mountain tract was made.  Similarly there was an inventory of wildlife species and habitats available.

Publications:
Vegetation Description, Rare Plant Inventory, and Vegetation Monitoring for Craig Mountain, Idaho DOE/BP 62547-1; 
Wildlife Inventory, Craig Mountain, Idaho, DOE/BP 62547-2

Results:
Inventories of vegetation types, habitat types, rare plants and wildlife.

ProjectShortDescription:
Interim management of Craig Mountain wildlife acquisition through NEPA process on Dworshak Agreement through June 1994.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Interim management of Craig Mountain wildlife acquisition through NEPA process on Dworshak Agreement through June 1994.

ProjectBackground:
Data was needed to develop a long-term management plan.

LongTitle:
Dworshak Wildlife Mitigation Interim Mangement: Craig Mountain Management


ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - CRAIG MOUNTAIN MANAGEMENT NEPA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Craig Mountain Management NEPA development


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal overhead support for BPA Power Supply...

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal overhead support for BPA Power Supply...

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - OVERHEAD FOR POWER SUPPLY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for power supply


ProjectTitle:
ASSESS/APPLIC TECH TO IMPROVE MEASRMNT CAPABILITY

Milestones:
This project's deliverables have provided the science base for elements of the surface collection program.  This project is targeted to contribute to elements of the reasonable and prudent alternative in the NMFS 1995 Biological Opinion.  Those elements of the reasonable and prudent alternative to which the project makes a direct contribution through its tasks are 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 22.   Products Specific to Tasks include:   Task Order 49432: Review of Sound Technology completed September 1993; Final Report in-Press.  Completed rationale for Acoustic Technologies Program which is element of Surface Collection Program, November 1994.  Mid-way Phase I - demonstration of existing acoustic technologies.  Task Order 05733:  Tested and delivered environmental monitoring capability to NMFS Project 9102800, 1994;  delivered data management analysis module, January 1995.  Task Order 06298:  Designed and delivered sort-by-code software for PIT tag slider gates (sort-by-code capability), March 1994;  analysis and specification of hardware and software upgrades for PIT tag detection systems to permit improved data quality control and acquisition assurance,  March 1995; assistance in development of five-year management plans for PTAGIS and Project 8331900.  Task Order 38572:  Assistance in establishing networked-based system to facilitate the exchange of real-time research and monitoring information to improve the information base for in-season decision making on operations of the FCRPS for fish protection (Network Based Information Access system established for use by fish operations Technical Management Team (TMT), March/April 1995).

Publications:
Use of Sound for Fish Protection at Power Production Facilities:  A Historical Perspective of the State of the Art--Phase I DOE/BP 62611-4

Results:
Environmental monitoring systems in Snake River tributaries where wild chinook  populations are being PIT tagged have been established..  Literature review on the status of knowledge regarding the use of sound to influence fish behavior  Software which provides capability to separate, specific PIT tagged groups from bypassed fish at collector dams.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide Research/Technical Assistance/Program Support for assessment and application of new and/or improved technologies to improve fish bypass, measurement and M&E capabilities, and regional dissemination of fish and wildlife information to improve the survival of salmon and steelhead through the Columbia River hydropower system.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide research & technical support for assessment and application of technologies to improve fish bypass and M&E capabilities. Facilitate regional dissemination of fish data to improve survival of salmonids through the Columbia River hydropower system.

ProjectBackground:
This project was initiated in 1992 to address Salmon Strategy Action Numbers 3.7B.7 (explore promising new approaches to fish bypass technologies,  such as the use of sound to guide fish) and 7.2  and to give requested technical support to Projects 8331900, 9008000 and 9102800.  Presently this project (Project 9207100) is comprised of four separate task orders issued under 8611800 Master Task Order Agreement:  Task Order No. 49432 - "Perform comprehensive technical review of sound effects on fish behavior and implement a sound effects technology to the extent applicable for desirable fish behavior modification";  Task Order No. 05733 - "Technical assistance to establish baseline environmental monitoring capability in the Snake River Basin;"  Task Order No. 06298 - "Technical assistance for research, development and implementation of juvenile and adult monitoring facilities within Columbia River Basin;"  Task Order 38572 - "Technical assistance in establishing network based information system to improve exchange of real-time research and monitoring information on fish passage."  These Task Orders address improving monitoring and evaluation capabilities by exploring/developing/implementing new technologies and measurement tools for application and evaluations of Fish and Wildlife Program actions with emphasis on improving mainstem fish protection and survival..

ShortTitle:
ASSESS/APPLIC TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE MEASUREMENT CA

LongTitle:
Assessment and Application of Technology to Improve Fish Measurement Capability


ProjectTitle:
APPLICATIONS OF SOUND TO MODIFY BEHAVIOR OF FISH

Milestones:
The scope of work for the first phase was an extensive literature review accompanied by interviews of those in industry and government most active in research, development, and implementation of the use of sound for fish behavioral modification.  Additional phase 1 activities were an assessment of the technology base for implementation of sound for fish behavioral modification, including demonstration of existing technologies, and transfer of the learning obtained in phase 1 to interested parties within the Columbia River Basin.  Phase 1 was closed with delivery of a report, DOE/BP-62611-4, a two day workshop held in Portland on December 12-13, 1995, and assistance to the CE with a full scale demonstration of a low frequency sound system at the Bonneville 1 powerhouse.  A set of video cassettes, a transcript, and a proceedings volume are deliverables from the workshop.  The products of the workshop will be used to define research, development, and implementation strategies for the use of behavior modification to improve juvenile salmonid survival.  The deliverable from the full scale demonstration is a report to be completed the end of the first calendar quarter, 1996.

Publications:
Carlson, T.J. 1995. Use of sound for fish protection at power facilities: a historical perspective of the state of the art. Bonneville Power Administration report no: DOE/BP-62611-4.  Portland, OR.
Nestler, J., T. Carlson, J. George, and F. Ahmad. 1995. Developing acoustic technologies for improving fish passage and protection in the Columbia River Basin: program rationale.  USACE-Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report El-95-8. Vicksburg, MS.
Ploskey, G, P. Johnson, and T. Carlson. 1996 (in preparation). Evaluation of low frequency, low particle motion sound for guiding fish at Bonneville dam. .  USACE-Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report El-96-X. Vicksburg, MS.
Carlson, T.J. (ed). 1996 (in preparation). Proceedings of the workshop “Using sound to modify fish behavior at power-production and water-control facilities”. Bonneville Power Administration report no: DOE/BP-xxxxx-x.  Portland, OR.
Contribution to: Fish Passage Technologies: Protection at Hydropower Facilities, OTA-ENV-641 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September, 1995).

ProjectShortDescription:
Investigate the use of sound to modify fish behavior.  Explore using sound to guide salmonid smolts into bypass routes at dams.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Investigate the use of sound to modify fish behavior.  Explore using sound to guide salmonid smolts into bypass routes at dams.

ProjectBackground:
This project was initiated in 1992 to address Salmon Strategy Action Numbers 3.7B.7 (explore promising new approaches to fish bypass technologies, such as the use of sound to guide fish) and 7.2 .  The project was planned in two phases with a cutout at the end of the first phase.  
     The objective of the first phase was to investigate the science base for the use of sound to modify the behavior of fish.  Special emphasis was placed on salmonids.     The objectives of the second phase of the project are to (1) continue to develop the science base supporting development and implementation of fish behavioral modification tools and methods, (2) in cooperation with other fish passage projects and programs, develop specific means to modify the behavior of fish that will result in increased survival for migrants, and (3) expedite implementation of developed means found to be effective in increasing the survival of migrants.

ShortTitle:
APPLICATIONS OF SOUND TO MODIFY BEHAVIOR OF FISH

LongTitle:
Evaluation of the Use of Sound to Modify the Behavior of Fish


ProjectTitle:
TECH ASSISTANCE JUV/ADULT MIGRANT MON FACILITIES

Milestones:
This task order was initiated in 1993 and began by providing technical and planning assistance for upgrade of the existing PIT system to new ISO standards and to accomplish goals for longer read distances and enhanced experimental designs.  Following a year of technical review and planning, the project provided hardware and software engineering assistance in the design, prototype construction, installation, and testing of enhancements to existing PIT capability, the most significant being sort-by-code.  The project is currently involved in upgrades to the initial sort-by-code hardware and software, preparation of technical protocols for testing and evaluation of prototype low frequency PIT systems, and technical assistance with implementation of the program plan for upgrade of new low frequency PIT systems basin wide.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide PIT Program Technical Support at Lower Granite Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide hardware and software engineering assistance and scientific technical assistance to PIT, Acoustic and Radio Tag Program Areas.  Provide PIT Program Technical Support at Lower Granite Dam.

ProjectBackground:
The PIT system is the backbone of many system wide monitoring and evaluation projects.  Integration of new capability permitting more complex experimental designs will facilitate evaluation of the various measures being implemented to reduce the impact of the hydropower system and other factors on survivorship of salmonids.  Upgrade of the PIT system to new standards is required to maintain the system as well as to enhance the performance of the system.  Longer read distances and other favorable factors associated with movement to a lower frequency will permit implementation of PIT capability for a number of new M&E tasks.  The biological benefits are those that will accrue to the stocks through better information for management.  The overall specific measurable objective for this project and for various other elements of the PIT program in general is upgrade to a new low frequency system by field season 1998.

ShortTitle:
TECH ASSISTANCE JUV/ADULT MIGRANT MON FACILITIES

LongTitle:
Technical Assistance for Research Development and Implementation of Juvenile and Adult Monitoring Facilities Within the Columbia River Basin


ProjectTitle:
TECH ASSISTANCE ENVIR MON IN THE SNAKE RIVER BASIN

Milestones:
This task order was initiated in October 1993 (FY94) to address Salmon Strategy Measure 3.6F.7, and to complement the research that is being conducted on the Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).  The purpose of the NMFS study (project 91-28, contract DE-AI79-91BP18800) is to characterize the out-migration timing of different stocks of spring/summer chinook salmon smolts at dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers, identify any consistent patterns in the timing of the out-migrations, and identify what environmental factors influence out-migration timing (Accord et al. 1995).    Identified and summarized previous and existing water quality monitoring activities in the Snake River basin.  Designed a monitoring network for water quality information that will meet present and future needs of fisheries related programs.  Provided technical assistance for the implementation and operation of the monitoring network.  Provided technical guidance in the form of a data analysis protocol document to develop useful baseline water quality information from the monitoring network. Phase I was completed in FY 94, Phase II in FY95.  Phase III is scheduled for FY96 and outyears.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide technical assistance in the development of an environmental monitoring system in the upper Snake River basin.  Coordinate associated research activities with the ongoing monitoring of smolt migrations of wild Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon projects in the basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide technical assistance in the development of an environmental monitoring system in the upper Snake River basin.  Coordinate associated research activities with the M & E of smolt migrations of wild Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon projects.

ProjectBackground:
The lack of environmental information for the tributary rearing areas of chinook salmon dictated the need to develop and maintain an environmental monitoring program for the upper Snake River Basin.  This environmental information provides a baseline for the local basins that can be used to identify any habitat changes and critical information related to the timing of the out-migrations of various stocks of wild salmon in the Snake River Basin.  The information provided directly supports sections 304(d) and 204(b) of the Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Program.  Section 304(d) states that the program will take into account the migrational characteristics of the various stocks of Salmon in the Columbia River Basin.  Section 204(b) urges conservation of genetic diversity.  Identifying the natural seasonal environmental changes that trigger Salmon migrations will assist in the preservation and sustainability of threatened and endangered Salmon stocks during their migration through the hydroelectric complex on the Snake and Columbia Rivers.  The objective of the project was to provide technical assistance in the development of an environmental monitoring system in the upper Snake River basin.  These activities are needed to evaluate the importance of environmental variables, particularly water quality and hydrologic information, to the survival and production of salmonids in tributary rearing areas.

ShortTitle:
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING IN THE SNAKE RIVER BASIN

LongTitle:
Assessment of Technologies to Improve Measurement Capabilities in the Snake River Basin


ProjectTitle:
NETWORK-BASED WORLD-WIDE WEB INFO INFRASTRUCTURE

Milestones:
The Web project under New Technologies was started in March 1995.
· Our major non-biological products are the home page for Technical Management Team (TMT), training/support to BPA and PSMFC, and a Web interface for the Standard Template for Performance.
· An important conclusion from the first year of work is that the World-Wide Web can contribute greatly to access and exchange of information related to the Fish and Wildlife Program and recovery plans for endangered salmon in the Pacific Northwest.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide technical assistance to regional efforts to develop a unified structure to access and disseminate information related to BPA’s fish and wildlife responsibility in the Northwest. Bring the power of Internet to F&W issues.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide technical assistance to regional efforts to develop a unified structure to access and disseminate information related to BPA’s fish and wildlife responsibility in the Northwest. Bring the power of Internet to F&W issues.

ProjectBackground:
The overall objective of this task is to provide a unified organizational structure for accessing and disseminating information related to BPA's fish and wildlife responsibility in the Pacific Northwest.  Specific Phase I objectives are:    Objective 1.  To start a network-based information infrastructure for BPA's Environment, Fish and Wildlife Group.  Develop and link Mosaic home pages for:  BPA in general; Marketing/Production Group; Generation Supply; Environment, Fish and Wildlife Group; and the Fish and Wildlife Program.    These home pages will provide the basic infrastructure for BPA to access and exchange information on the Internet.    Objective 2.  To start a network-based information infrastructure for In-Season Management.  Develop an ISM home page with links to reports from the following information sources used in ISM:  Corps hydrologic data base (CHROMS); BPA hydrologic data base (RODS); PITAGIS; Smolt Monitoring Program; Water Quality; analytical models CRiSP and PIT Forecaster; and report forms for proposing operations and commenting on them.    Objective 3.  To start a network based information infrastructure for Environment, Fish and Wildlife.  Provide training support, and coordinate with BPA's regional partners.

ShortTitle:
BPA FISH & WILDLIFE INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE

LongTitle:
Network Based World-Wide Web Information Infrastructure for BPA Fish and Wildlife


Milestones:
Estimated cost of developing and testing this machine is 1.34  million (this does not include the capability of injecting medicine).  Time to delivery  is estimated to be 16 months (December 1996).  The machine, which would require two persons to operate, would be capable of processing 50,000 smolts in a eight hour shift.  The machine would be capable of processing salmonids ranging in size of 60mm to 150mm.  Smolts would be graded by size prior to processing..Plans have been made to evaluate the advantages of redirecting this research to explore the feasibility of an automated facility that can be housed in a trailer.  Objective is to build a smolt marking facility that can process 50,000 fish in 8 hours without them being handled.  Cost of this facility would be approximately $100,000.00.

Publications:
Development of Laser Marking as a Mass Marking Technique  DOE/BP 64458-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop an automated mass-marking technique for juvenile salmonids that removes adipose fin and/or applies coded-wire tag without human handling or anesthetic.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop an automated mass-marking technique for juvenile salmonids that removes adipose fin and/or applies coded-wire tag without human handling or anesthetic.

ProjectBackground:
This project was initiated in 1992 to investigate the feasibility of a laser marking technique.  The laser marks are not retained.  Ancellary actions have determine that it is feasible to develop a automated marking machine, using existing technology, to mark large numbers of juvenile salmonids without handling or anesthetizing the fish.  The smolts swim into the machine are orientated into a position that allows the adipose fin to be "read" and excised using a clipping devise.  This facility can also inject a coded wire tag or administer medicine into the fish.  Since these actions are controlled by a computer they can be affected in any combination (e.g. Fin clip only, coded wire tag only, medicine only, Fin Clip and coded wire tag, etc.).

LongTitle:
Development of Laser-Marking Salmonids as a Mass-Marking Technique


ProjectShortDescription:
Project identified in planning process but never funded via a contract.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Project identied in planning process but never funded via a contract.


ProjectShortDescription:
Project identified in planning process  but never funded via a contract.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Project identified in planning process  but never funded via a contract.


ProjectTitle:
UMATILLA HATCHERY -  WATER INVESTIGATIONS

ShortTitle:
UMATILLA HATCHERY -  WATER INVESTIGATIONS

LongTitle:
Umatilla Hatchery - Water Investigations


Milestones:
.  A total of 1.4 million coho salmon were transferred to Youngs Bay net-pens and acclimated over winter, and released in spring of 1993.  In past years coho have been acclimated for only 2 weeks prior to release.    During November and December 1993, 1.125 million coho pre-smolts were transferred from Oxbow Hatchery to Youngs Bay net-pens.  Rear coho over winter in net-pens to a size of 10 fish per pound and release in the spring of 1994.   Spawning ground surveys will be conducted in the Necanicum River and Elk Creek  from October-January 1994 and 1995.  Biological information will be collected   and coded wire tags will be removed to estimate number and origin of stray spawners.

ProjectShortDescription:
Identify and develop terminal fishing opportunities in the Columbia River and tributaries to havest abundant stocks while minimizing the incidental harvest of weak stocks.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Identify and develop terminal fishing opportunities in the Columbia River and tributaries to havest abundant stocks while minimizing the incidental harvest of weak stocks.

ProjectBackground:
This pilot study can be viewed as the initial component of a 3-5 year study to evaluate potential methods and sites that could lead to substantial terminal harvesting opportunities and associated protection of depressed upriver salmonid stocks from traditional mainstem fisheries


Milestones:
BPA agreed to fund one-half of a new screen shop in Idaho.  The NMFS funded the other one-half.  The shop will provide the State with the facilities to fabricate and maintain screens for the Lemhi and Salmon Rivers.

Results:
Completion of the Idaho Fish Screen Shop.  It will facilitate fabricating, repairing, and maintaining screens for Idaho irrigation diversions.  The shop will also fabricate screens for ODFW when time permits.

ProjectShortDescription:
Fund in part the formation of a screen shop in Idaho for the fabrication of fish screens.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Fund in part the formation of a screen shop in idaho for the fabrication of fish screens.

ProjectBackground:
The Northwest Power Planning Council has accelerated efforts to screen irrigation diversions along the Columbia River and its tributaries.  BPA has been responsible for funding the Fish Screening Oversight Committee and Technical Work Groups in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho.  The Idaho fish screen shop was necessary to provide Idaho with the facilities necessary to fabricate and maintain fish screens in the Lemhi and Salmon Rivers.  It provides BPA with an opportunity to mitigate for loss of habitat due to hydropower and to cost share with NMFS on the project.


Milestones:
The College of Forestry from OSU and the College of Forest Resources at UW held the conference on Management of large watershed basins on October 14-18, 1992, in Portland, OR. BPA was recognized as one of the sponsors.

ProjectShortDescription:
Sponsor in part the conference on Management of Large Watershed Basins.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Sponsor in part the conference on Management of Large Watershed Basins.

ProjectBackground:
This major conference on management at large watershed basins will enlighten approximately 500 natural resource managers from agencies, industries, and academics.  The latest and most reasonable management objectives and methods will be addressed.

LongTitle:
1992 Watershed Symposium on Management of Large Basins


Milestones:
A video was produced to provide that training when qualified personnel are not available.  This production was funded by several national, State, and local organizations and agencies and will be used and distributed by them.

Results:
The video should assist in creating a regional public which is more informed, observant, and involved in maintaining the quality of the riparian and watershed environment.

ProjectShortDescription:
Produce a video that provides training for a Streamwalk group.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Produce a video that provides training for a Streamwalk group.

ProjectBackground:
Streamwalk is a program developed by EPA Region 10 to involve community members in observing, evaluating, and submitting data on the basic conditions of a stream within their local watershed.  It serves as a means of evaluation of stream conditions, but more importantly, it serves as a means of educating and involving residents in improving the conditions of their streams for water quality and wildlife habitat. To initiate a Streamwalk group in the past a trainer has been needed, but has not always been available.


Milestones:
BPA assisted in finding printing of these materials.  PSMFC distributed them and BPA was listed as a sponsor.

Results:
Increased public awareness and concern for quality fish habitat which should contribute to the survival and strength of all fish stocks

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop educational materials on careful stewardship of freshwater and estuarine habitats.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop educational materials on careful stewardship of freshwater and estuarine habitats.

ProjectBackground:
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) is promoting public education on shoreline and estuarine habitat conservation. Development of  these educational materials should promote careful stewardship of both freshwater and estuarine habitats and increase public awareness of threats to water and fish resources. Packets of educational activities, information brochures, and a poster have been prepared.


ProjectTitle:
E WASHINGTON LANDOWNERS ADOPT-A-STREAM TRAINING

Milestones:
Six watershed training meetings were held for target groups of Native Americans, ranchers, and foresters in eastern Washington.  Training for each event included a 3 hour evening workshop for an audience of up to 100, and an all day in-stream field session for up to 20 participants.  Participants learned of methods and benefits for improving and restoring stream habitat and for involving other members of their local community in the enhancement work.

Results:
Increased public commitment to proper watershed and fish habitat management.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct 6 watershed training meetings for various groups in eastern Washington.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct 6 watershed training meetings for various groups in eastern Washington.

ProjectBackground:
Critical land users in the Columbia Basin are ranchers, foresters, and Native Americans.  These groups are targeted for training in stream and watershed management to enhance habitat for anadromous fish.  Destructive management practices will be reduced and enhancement projects initiated.  Training will lead individuals towards a more holistic approach to their use of the land and water which will lead to greater fish survival.  Training participants are encouraged to share their knowledge with others to create local concerned interest groups.  Cooperative sponsorship by private enterprise will increase effectiveness and public image.

ShortTitle:
E WASHINGTON LANDOWNERS ADOPT-A-STREAM TRAINING

LongTitle:
Eastern Washington Landowners Adopt-A-Stream Watershed Training Workshops


ProjectTitle:
WATERSHED EDUCATION INTERACTIVE DISPLAY FOR OMSI

Milestones:
The exhibits were developed.  Their intent was to guide the visitor from the broad spectrum of watershed systems, riparian areas and their respective components to the specific nature of streams and aquatic life they support.

Results:
Promote, encourage, and foster citizen awareness and stewardship of watersheds.

ProjectShortDescription:
Construct an anadromous fish habitat interactive exhibit at OMSI

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Construct an anadromous fish habitat interactive exhibit at OMSI.

ProjectBackground:
An anadromous fish habitat education interactive exhibit at OMSI will provide wide exposure to an audience of both Metropolitan area residents and of visitors to the city.  It will increase public awareness of threats to fish and of conditions required for fish survival.  Secondarily it will also inform the public of BPA involvement in fish protection.

ShortTitle:
WATERSHED EDUCATION INTERACTIVE DISPLAY FOR OMSI

LongTitle:
Watershed Education Interactive Display for OMSI


Milestones:
Project provided a comprehensive, state-wide review at wildlife programmatic mitigation opportunities aimed at meeting hydropower's wildlife mitigation obligation for the Willamette River Basin and Columbia River dams.

Publications:
Oregon Trust Agreement Planning Project DOE/BP 90299-1

Results:
Product will be used to negotiate a trust agreement for wildlife in the State of Oregon by providing a basis for selection and evaluation.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct comprehensive state-wide review of programmatic mitigation opportunities.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct comprehensive state-wide review of programmatic mitigation opportunities.

LongTitle:
Oregon Wildlife Trust Agreement Planning


ProjectTitle:
BPA LANDS SUPPORT FOR NE OREGON HATCHERY

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the Northeast Oregon Hatchery project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the Northeast Oregon Hatchery project.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL- LANDS SUPPORT FOR NE OREGON HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  -  Lands Support for the Northeast Oregon Hatchery


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Contracts and Rates support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Contracts and Rates support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - CONTRACTS AND RATES SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Contracts and Rates Suport for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA overhead costs for Power Supply group.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA overhead costs for Power Supply group.

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for Power Supply


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR UPPER COLUMBIA AREA - U

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. overhead costs for the Upper Columbia Area.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. overhead costs for the Upper Columbia Area.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - OVERHEAD FOR UPPER COLUMBIA AREA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Coss for Upper Columbia Area


ProjectTitle:
OVERHEAD COSTS FOR E - RESIDENT FISH IDAHO

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the resident fish program in Idaho.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the resident fish program in Idaho.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING OVERHEAD -  IDAHO RESIDENT FISH

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Overhead Costs for Engineering - Idaho Resident Fish


ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - OVERHEAD (PERSONNEL/TRAVEL) - FY 93

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead (personnel / Travel) - FY 93


ProjectTitle:
FY 93 BALANCING DOLLARS FOR RPA PRIORITY

ShortTitle:
BPA - FY 93 BALANCING DOLLARS FOR RPA PRIORITY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - FY 93 Balancing Dollars for RPA Priority


ProjectTitle:
SHERMAN PASS SCENIC BYWAY VISITOR'S CENTER

Milestones:
After various preliminary efforts in this jointly funded project (with the US Forest Service, etc.) funding sources dried up.  Since it was not deemed critical to the Fish and Wildlife program at BPA, the project was not completed beyond some initial planning efforts.

Results:
The project was terminated before completion.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide funds for the planning and implementation of an interagency visitor information and education center on the Sherman Pass National Scenic Byway. The site was not developed.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide funds for the planning and implementation of an interagency visitor information and education center on the Sherman Pass National Scenic Byway. The site was not developed.

ProjectBackground:
The Visitor's Center site was located within a mile of the Sherman Creek Hatchery which was funded by BPA.  It was within 80 miles of the Spokane Tribal Hatchery and Colville Tribal Hatchery.  The cooperative Visitor Information Center was viewed as providing BPA with a popular, visible means of displaying BPA's power and fish and wildlife stories.

ShortTitle:
SHERMAN PASS SCENIC BYWAY VISITOR'S CENTER

LongTitle:
Sherman Pass National Scenic Byway Vistor's Center


ProjectTitle:
NEW AMENDED PROGRAM - PHASE III (EXPENSE)

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the new amended program - phase III (expense).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the new amended program - phase III (expense).

ShortTitle:
BPA - NEW AMENDED PROGRAM - PHASE III (EXPENSE)

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - New Amended Program - Phase III (Expense)


ProjectTitle:
GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION EXPANSION PROJECT

ProjectShortDescription:
Fishery Managers develop and implement an expanded genetic stock identification program for monitoring in river and ocean fisheries.  Review the proposed program with the Council prior to implementation.  This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop and implement an expanded genetic stock identification program for monitoring in river and ocean fisheries.  This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ShortTitle:
GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION EXPANSION PROJECT

LongTitle:
Genetics Stock Identification Expansion Project


Milestones:
Potential increases in mortality of juvenile fish exposed to elevated levels of DGS were assessed in a laboratory.  Juvenile salmonids were exposed to elevated levels of DGS ranging from 115% to 130% and low pressure environments associated with passage through turbines and juvenile fish bypass systems.  Turbine conditions were simulated in test chambers with pressure drops from several atmospheres to the vapor pressure of water (from +100’ to approximately -31’ in 0.1 seconds); cavitation, turbulence, shear layers, and blade strike were not simulated.  Bypass conditions were simulated through swim chambers with low hydrostatic pressures and water velocities similar to that of existing bypass collection channels (2-2.5 body lengths/second).  Experimental controls involved duplicate conditions, but without exposure of fish to elevated DGS conditions.  Predation rates were used as a measure of total impact on fish as a result of exposure protocols.1.  Test chambers that provide similar pressure changes and turbulances to turbine and smolt bypass facilities were designed and constructed.  Juvenile fish vulnerability to predation was assessed for fish exposed to dissolved gas supersaturation and passage through simulated turbine and bypass conditions.2.  A QA/QC review of the dissolved gas and gas bubble disease monitoring program was conducted in 1994.3.  A literature review has been initiated to assemble a data base of existing information and conduct a preliminary assessment of potential relationship between dissolved gas supersaturation and fish survival/production.4. Determined allowable level of total dissolved gas that will not increase immediate post passage predation.

Publications:
Review of Monitoring Plans for Gas Bubble Disease Signs and Gas Supersaturation Levels on the Columbia and Snake Rivers DOE/BP 66208-1

Results:
Laboratory experiments are complete.  Preliminary results indicate for turbine passage simulations, predation rates were significantly higher for fish exposed to DGS levels of 125 and 130%.  For bypass passage simulations, predation rates were significantly higher for fish exposed to DGS levels of 130%.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the potential threshold level of total gas supersaturation in combination with turbine/bypass passage that may be associated with increased susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to predation mortality.  Evaluate smolt monitoring programs and examination protocols.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the threshold level of total gas supersaturation in combination with turbine/bypass passage associated with increased susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to predation mortality.  Evaluate smolt M & E programs and examination protocols.

ProjectBackground:
The interaction between dissolved gas supersaturation (DGS) and juvenile salmonids passing through hydroelectric kaplan turbines or juvenile fish bypasses is not well understood.  This experimental work was developed to determine if juvenile salmonids exposed to elevated DGS are more susceptible to predation after exposure to simulated turbine or bypass passage than fish that were not exposed to DGS conditions.  Potential threshold levels of DGS in combination with turbine/bypass passage that may be associated with increased susceptibility of juvenile salmonids to predation mortality would provide valuable insight on operation of the hydrosystem for the benefit of outmigrating juvenile salmonids.

LongTitle:
Allowable Gas Supersaturation for Fish Passing Hydroelectric Dams


Milestones:
A broad assessment has been completed and a report is in preparation.  A candidate acoustic method that recently completed development with joint funding from the US Navy and a private contractor has been identified.  In addition, an optical method using instruments normally used for microsurgery also appears to be feasible for routine field use with fish.  These technologies are already well vertically integrated in that private companies have committed to their further development and manufacture.  Manufacturers of the candidate technologies identified have indicated willingness to assist technically and financially with field tests of the applicability of their technology to GBT assessment needs

ProjectShortDescription:
Assess nondestructive, nonintrusive means for the detection and quantification of gas bubbles in somatic tissues of juvenile and adult fish.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Assess nondestructive, nonintrusive means for the detection and quantification of gas bubbles in somatic tissues of juvenile and adult fish.

ProjectBackground:
The project was started mid FY95 with the objective of performing a technology assessment of acoustic, optical, and other technologies that might provide a means for the nondestructive and nonintrusive detection and quantification of gas bubbles in the somatic tissues of juvenile and adult fish.

LongTitle:
Assessment of Technologies for the Detection and Quantification of Clinical Signs of Gas Bubble Trauma in Fish


Milestones:
Phase I (1996) activities in the field will focus on three objectives: 1) Inspecting adult salmonids for signs of symptoms at Bonneville and an up-river dam (Objective A1); 2) sampling in-river migrating juvenile salmonids at McNary Dam to compare with by-pass sampled fish (Objective J1); and 3) developing sampling techniques, logistics, schedules, and collecting preliminary data for use in design of future experiments to determine occurrence of symptoms among out migrating smolts (Objective J2).  Preliminary developmental work for Objective J2 will be conducted in McNary Reservoir, with secondary sites in the lower Columbia River (John Day to Bonneville Dam tailrace area).  Analysis of preliminary results during Phase I activities will focus on the feasibility of integrating data on gas levels, fish distributions, and the incidence of symptoms.  Based on analysis of the first year’s data we will determine the level of effort and methods required for future field experiments.

In Phase II (1997-1998) we will implement the recommendations for design and sampling developed in Phase I and expand the scope of sampling to additional reservoirs.This project was initiated in May of 1995.  During the 1995 spill program, in-river juvenile fish were sampled with purse seines and trawls in six areas to record the frequency and severity of symptoms.  Adults were examined at Bonneville and Priest Rapids dams.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the relationships between supersaturation levels, flow rates, fish movements, fish distribution, and symptoms.  Develop sample techniques, logistics, schedules, and collecting preliminary data for use in design of future experiments to determine occurrence of symptoms among out migrating smolts.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Relate gas supersaturation levels, flow rates, fish movements, fish distribution,& symptoms.  Develop techniques, logistics, schedules, and collect data for use in design of experiments to determine occurrence of symptoms in outmigrating smolts.

ProjectBackground:
Spill is provided to expedite the migration of juvenile salmon past hydroelectric dams in the Columbia River basin.  However,  mortality may occur during spill operations  due to supersaturation of dissolved gases.  Project will determine the relationships between supersaturation levels, flow rates, fish movements, fish distribution, and symptoms.

LongTitle:
Signs of Gas Bubble Trauma in Juvenile and Adult Salmon


ProjectTitle:
TECH ASSISTANCE FOR SNAKE RIVER DRAWDOWN BP

Milestones:
This project provided for technical assistance in producing a. Biological Plan. It evaluated the risks and uncertainties as well as the benefits to Snake River salmon and steelhead stocks.  It also evaluated drawdown effects on other aspects of the ecological environment.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide technical assistance in the development of the Snake River Drawdown Biological Plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide technical assistance in the development of the Snake River Drawdown Biological Plan.

ProjectBackground:
A Biological Plan for Drawdown was required in Phase II of the Council Amendments

ShortTitle:
TECHNICAL  ASSISTANCE FOR SNAKE RIVER DRAWDOWN

LongTitle:
Technical Assistance in the Development of the Snake River Drawdown Biological Plan


Milestones:
Initiated the Federal Environmental Educators Consortium.  Organized the first Pacific Northwest Regional Environmental Education meeting.  Supported both the Environmental Education Association of Oregon and the Environmental Education Association of Washington.  Sit on the Steering committee of the Oregon Trout Salmon Watch.  Serve on the Board of Governance for the Northwest Service Academy.  Serve as a Partner for The DOE sponsored Salmon Corps.  Presented over 80 talks to schools on BPA's Fish and Wildlife Program.  Initiated the Citizens Stream Monitoring Program. Participate in the Roosevelt HS and Centennial HS Schools 2000 project, BPA Science Bowl, Hands On Science Outreach (HOSO), and Saturday Academy' Summer Science  Program  and served as a mentor. The 1993-94 Water Education calendar that is currently in the schools expires as of June 30, 1994.  The new school-year calendar will be printed in July 1994, mailed in August 1994 for the 10-month school year of 1994-1995.FY 1993/94:  Education project programmatically encompasses environmental education from childhood through adult.  The project spans the BPA service area with an array of subprograms ranging from speaking engagements, video loans, stream walks, and curricula, to collecting field data, producing reports and participating in regional, national and global computer networks.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop materials for public awareness and involvement in fish and wildlife habitat protection and restoration.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop materials for public awareness and involvement in fish and wildlife habitat protection and restoration. A wide variety of activities and contracts with various groups were covered by this project umbrella.

ProjectBackground:
Regional Habitat Education Support (RHES) is a programmatic project.  RHES provides an umbrella to manage many sub projects.


ProjectTitle:
COLUMBIA RIVER/ESTUARY CARRYING CAPACITY STUDY

Milestones:
The contractor will conduct a preliminary evaluation of Columbia River mainstem (including reservoirs), major tributary, estuary, plume, nearshore ocean, marine salmon survival, ecology, carrying capacity, and limiting factors.  Competition between shad and anadromous salmonids will be included.   As part of the preliminary evaluation, the contractor will estimate the current carrying capacity of the Columbia River mainstem (including reservoirs), major tributaries, estuary, plume, and nearshore ocean for juvenile anadromous salmonids using primarily existing data.  The evaluation will also make recommendations for management responses to fluctuating estuary and ocean conditions, such as adjusting total numbers of releases of juvenile anadromous salmonids to take such conditions into account.  The evaluation will include analysis of existing data, identification of critical uncertainties and research needs, and estimates of incremental gains in salmon survival from improvements in carrying capacity in each geographic area.

Publications:
Evaluation of Carrying Capacity:  Measure 7.1A of the Northwest Power Planning Council's 1994 Fish and Wildlife Program - Report 1 of 4 DOE/BP 62611-6;   
Study Plan for Evaluating Carrying Capacity:  Measure 7.1A of the Northwest Power Planning Council's 1994 Fish and Wildlife Program - Report 1 of 2; DOE/BP 62611-7; 
Proceedings from a Workshop on Ecological Carrying Capacity of Salmonids in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 62611-8;   
A Literature Review, Bibliographic Listing, & Org. of Selected References Relative to Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Abiotic and Biotic Attributes of the Columbia River Estuary & Adjacent Marine & Riverine Environs, for Various Historical Periods DOE/BP 62611-9

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate salmon survival in the Columbia River, its estuary and in the near-shore ocean. Provide increased understanding of the ecology, carrying capacity, and limiting factors that influence salmon survival under current conditions.  Identify the critical uncertainties and research needed to develop a study plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Evaluate salmon survival in the Columbia River, its estuary and in the near-shore ocean. Gather data on ecology, carrying capacity, & limiting factors that influence salmon survival.  Identify the critical uncertainties & research needed for a study plan.

ProjectBackground:
The systemwide and cumulative impacts of artificial production and carrying capacity measure was introduced into the Strategy for Salmon in 1994 as measure 6.2E.  The measure scope was broadened in the December, 1994 amendments to include an evaluation of tributary, mainstem, estuary, plume, near-shore ocean and marine salmon survival, ecology, carrying capacity and limiting factors.

ShortTitle:
COLUMBIA RIVER/ESTUARY CARRYING CAPACITY STUDY

LongTitle:
Technical Assistance for Evaluating the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Columbia Basin Salmon Habitats


ProjectTitle:
BIO ANAL FOR CONSER PLN/NMFS' RECOVERY PLN PROCESS

Milestones:
The project was initiated in the spring of 1993 to assist the NMFS Recovery Team with assembly and analysis of information the Team needed to develop the Recovery Plan.  A team of leading Northwest consultants was assembled to prepare a series of 11 reports for submittal to NMFS and the Recovery Team.  These reports responded to a list topics for which NMFS and the Recovery Team had requested  assistance with assembling and analyzing available information.  In retrospect, the Recovery Team indicated they found substantial value in the reports submitted.  Plan (Task Order #00121)    -  Evaluate data from Raymond (1979), Sims and Ossiander (1981), and Sims et al (1983).    -  Describe environmental factors influencing migration.    -  Evaluate appropriateness of using historical data.    -  Determine potential for using Raymond et al. approach in combination with existing mark/collection methods. (Task Order #04049)    -  Quantify the effects of past inriver fisheries on Snake River fall chinook based on historical data.    -  Simulate the effects on Snake River fall chinook of alternative regulations for future inriver harvest. The final report by S.P. Cramer, entitled, "Quantification of the probable effects of alternative in-river harvest regulations on recovery of Snake River fall chinook salmon," will be completed by March 31, 1995.  This is the only Task Order currently active.  New Task Orders will be developed in an as-needed basis.

Publications:
Factors Affecting the Survival of Upstream Migrant Adult Salmonids in the Columbia River Basin - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 9 of 11 DOE/BP 62611-2;   
Habitats of Weak Salmon Stocks of the Snake River  Basin & Feasible Recovery Measures - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon: Technical Report 1 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-1;   
Flow Augmentation & Reservoir Drawdown:  Strategies for Recovery of Threatened & Endangered Stocks of Salmon in the Snake River Basin - Recovery Issues for Threatened and Endangered Snake River Salmon: Technical Report 2 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-2;   
Effects of Marine Mammals on Columbia River Salmon Listed Under the Endangered Species Act -   Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 3 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-3;   
Transportation as a Means of Increasing Wild Juvenile Salmon Survival - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 4 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-4;   
Use of Artificial Propagation & Supplementation for Rebuilding Salmon Stocks Listed Under the Endangered Species Act - Recovery Issues for Threatened & endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 5 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-5;   
Ocean Carrying Capacity - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 6 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-6;  
Biodiversity & the Recovery of Threatened & Endangered Salmon Species in the Columbia River Basin - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 8 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-8;   
Evaluation of Delisting Criteria & Rebuilding Schedules for Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook, Fall Chinook, & Sockeye Salmon - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon:  Technical Report 10 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-10;   
Population Viability of the Snake River Chinook Salmon - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon, Technical Report 11 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-11;
Harvest Management & Recovery of Snake River Salmon Stocks - Recovery Issues for Threatened & Endangered Snake River Salmon, Technical Report 7 of 11 DOE/BP 99654-12;  
Assessment of the Flow-Survival Relationship Obtained by Sims & Ossiander (1981) for Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon Smolts DOE/BP 99654-13;   Quantification of the Probable Effects of Alternative In-River Harvest Regulations on Recovery of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon DOE/BP 99654-14        
During FY 1994, the following reports have been completed:  Twelve authors. Technical review of draft Snake River salmon recovery plan recommendations.  Steward, C.R. Assessment of the flow-survival relationship obtained by Sims and Ossiander (1981) for Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon smolts.  Cramer, S.P. Quantification of the probable effects of alternative in-river harvest regulations on recovery of Snake River fall chinook salmon. (Progress Report).  Neeley, D. Affidavit on sources of mortality to listed Snake River salmon stocks in the Columbia River Basin.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide technical assistance  in fisheries biology as needed to BPA and fishery managers. Obtain assistance on an as-needed basis for rapidly developing issues, particularly ESA listings and recovery plans.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide technical assistance  in fisheries biology as needed to BPA and fishery managers. Obtain assistance on an as-needed basis for rapidly developing issues, particularly ESA listings and recovery plans.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project is to have recognized experts in the ESA-related issues and fisheries biology provide technical appendices to the BPA document entitled "Endangered Species Rebuilding Analysis and Comments on the NMFS' Recovery

ShortTitle:
TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR VARIETY OF BIOLOGICAL ISSUES

LongTitle:
Technical Support for a Variety of Biological Issues


ProjectTitle:
NEW AMENDED PROGRAM - PHASE III (CAPITAL)

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the new amended program - phase III (capital).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the new amended program - phase III (capital).

ShortTitle:
BPA - NEW AMENDED PROGRAM - PHASE III (CAPITAL)

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - New amended Program - Phase III (Capital)


Milestones:
Provided monitoring and evaluation in support of the Vernita Bar Settlement Agreement. Conducted weekly redd surveys during November of 1992 and 1993.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct weekly redd surveys during November of 92 and 93 on Vernita Bar in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct weekly redd surveys during November of 92 and 93 on Vernita Bar in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River.

ProjectBackground:
Vernita Bar was one of the best spawning areas left in the only free flowing section of the Columbia River remaining, the Hanford Reach. BPA biological staff believe the data gathered from these additional surveys will be valuable in determining the relationship between river operations and placement of redds at Vernita Bar.


ProjectShortDescription:
Modify the Creston National Fish Hatchery to rear Bull trout, and Westslope cutthroat trout plus one million kokanee for the Hungry Horse Mitigation Program. This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Modify the Creston National Fish Hatchery to rear Bull trout, and Westslope cutthroat trout plus one million kokanee for the Hungry Horse Mitigation Program. This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated.


Results:
ERL installation. ERL access will greatly reduce the time presently required (12 hours) to receive requested documents, and lost time associated with moving/routing documents between members of work groups.  This system will also preserve and reproduce both electronic and printed legal duplicates of color/black and white documents for legal use.

ProjectShortDescription:
Create an Electronic Reference Library (ERL) to provide Division users immediate and controlled access to electronic images of all documents stored within ERL.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Create an Electronic Reference Library (ERL) to provide Division users immediate and controlled access to electronic images of all documents stored within ERL.

ProjectBackground:
An Electronic Reference Library (ERL) would provide all Division PC and SUN users immediate and controlled access to electronic images of all documents stored within ERL.  These documents may include static, historical documents, including data reports, and current evolving documents shared within a work group.


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for ESA implementation- (capital).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for ESA implementation- (capital).

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ESA IMPLEMENTATION (CAPITAL)

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - ESA Implementation (Capital)


ProjectTitle:
DESIGN/CONSTRUCT POWERDALE DAM FACILITIES (ODFW)

Milestones:
Facility design at Powerdal Dam began in 1993. Temporary facilities completed fall l994. Access road was built by summer 1995.  Powerdale facilities were begun the summer of 1995.  Complete construction was planned by summer 1996.Other sites planning and design will be funded under separate project numbers.  As part of the Hood River Basin Recovery Plan, Oak Springs Hatchery will incubate and rear steelhead for release into the Hood River System.  This is in accordance with the Hood River Production Master Plan of July 1991.

Results:
Run inventory information will be used to refine future artificial production programs. Implementation efforts should result in recovery of steelhead populations in the Hood River Basin

ProjectShortDescription:
Design and build fish trap facilities at Powerdale Dam to allow data collection activities in the Hood River Basin.  Design and construction of steelhead incubation and rearing facilities at Oak Springs Hatchery and review of design of facilities at Parkdale.  (Latter portion proposed in FY97 #5519300)

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Design and build fish trap facilities at Powerdale Dam to allow data collection activities in the Hood River Basin. Improve water supply at Oak Springs Hatchery.  Continue with O&M.

ProjectBackground:
Information gaps exist about Hood River fish runs.  Collecting this data will fill in major information gaps, and allow fishery management and clear hatchery goals to be established.    The goal of this project was to build adult trapping, sorting/handling, and enumerating facilities at Powerdale Dam fish ladder to allow data collection to proceed. Information gaps exist about Hood River fish runs.  Collecting this data will fill in major information gaps, and allow fishery management and clear hatchery goals to be established.  This project is related to FY97 proposal # 5519300 (Parkdale - Adult Holding, Oak Springs Hatchery - Rearing, Pelton Dam - Ladder Modifications)  Objectives include providing for needed facilities for the augmentation of summer and winter steelhead trout numbers in the Hood River Basin in accordance with the Hood River Production Master Plan of July 1991 for 150,000 summer steelhead and 85,000 winter steelhead smolts.

ShortTitle:
DESIGN & CONSTRUCT POWERDALE DAM FACILITIES

LongTitle:
Powerdale Dam Fish Facilities, Hood River Production Project


ProjectTitle:
OAK SPRINGS HATCHERY MODS (HOOD RIVER/POWERDALE)

Milestones:
Improve the Oak Springs Hatchery.  Provide an additional water supply system, rearing facilities, bird netting over ponds, etc.  Construct the Hatchery Building Addition with waste water treatment, four new concrete rearing ponds.

ProjectShortDescription:
Improve the Oak Springs Hatchery by providing an additional water supply, building an addition to the hatchery building, four new concrete rearing ponds, and water water treatment.  Cover fish ponds with netting.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Improve the Oak Springs Hatchery by providing an additional water supply, building an addition to the hatchery building, four new concrete rearing ponds, and water water treatment.  Cover fish ponds with netting.

ProjectBackground:
The Hood River Production protect is part of the Council's program designed to use artificial production to enhance populations of Chinook salmon and steelhead.  In 1991 the Council approved a master plan for Hood River which included facilities needed to implement the project.

ShortTitle:
OAK SPRINGS HATCHERY MODIFICATIONS FOR HOOD RIVER

LongTitle:
Oak Springs Hatchery Modifications for the Hood River or Powderdale Project


ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL NEPA - POWERDALE DAM FACILITIES

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Delvelop the Powerdale Dam Fish Facilities - NEPA


ProjectTitle:
DESIGN/CONSTRUCT POWERDALE DAM FACILITIES - TBL

ShortTitle:
DESIGN/CONSTRUCT POWERDALE DAM FACILITIES - TBL


ProjectShortDescription:
Analyze the business processes and the data that support the BPA Fish and Wildlife Program.  Funded internal support project

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Analyze the business processes and the data that support the BPA Fish and Wildlife Program.  Funded internal support project

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ADP SUPPORT FOR PMIS DEVELOPMENT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - ADP Support for PMIS Development


ProjectTitle:
CULTURAL, SOCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL IMPACTS OF ESA-CP

ProjectShortDescription:
Draft the section of management support document that describes the considerations of proposed alternatives related to social, cultural, institutional, and regulatory issues.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Draft the section of management support document that describes the considerations of proposed alternatives related to social, cultural, institutional, and regulatory issues.

ShortTitle:
CULTURAL, SOCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL IMPACTS OF ESA

LongTitle:
Cultural, Social, and Institutional Impacts Of ESA


ProjectTitle:
ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE PROGRAM

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Fish and Wildlife program.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Fish and Wildlife program.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT- FISH & WILDLIFE PROGRAM

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for Fish and Wildlife Program


ProjectTitle:
GRAND RONDE MODEL WATERSHED       (GRMWS)

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the Grand Ronde Model Watershed

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the Grand Ronde Model Watershed

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - GRAND RONDE MODEL WATERSHED

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Grande Ronde Model Watershed


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the Lehi Ronde Model Watershed

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the Lehi Ronde Model Watershed


ProjectTitle:
EASTERN WASHINGTON MODEL WATERSHED         (EWMWS)

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the Eastern Washington Model Watershed

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the Eastern Washington Model Watershed

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - EASTERN WASHINGTON MODEL WATERSHED

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Eastern Washington Model Watershed


ProjectTitle:
BIO ANAL CONSER PLN/NMFS'REC PLN-ADULT UPSTR SURV

Publications:
Resident Fish Planning: Dworshak Reservoir, Lake Pend Oreville DOE/BP 62611-3

ProjectShortDescription:
Produce a comprehensive technical document that describes the potential benefits and impacts of operational measures that affect the survival of upstream migrant adult salmonids in the Columbia Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Produce a comprehensive technical document that describes the potential benefits and impacts of operational measures that affect the survival of upstream migrant adult salmonids in the Columbia Basin.

ProjectBackground:
Provide objective analysis of all fates of adult salmon (ESA stocks) during upstream migration to spawning sites.  To be used as technical appendix to BPA's Conservation Plan.

ShortTitle:
ADULT UPSTREAM SURVIVAL - BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

LongTitle:
Adult Upstream Survival--Biological Analysis for BPA's Conservation Plan


ProjectTitle:
DEV OF BREEDING PLANS FOR KOOTENAI RIVER FISH POP

Milestones:
PAssisted the Kootenai River white sturgeon "pre-listing recovery team" with questions related to genetics.  Helped formulate a draft recovery plan that addresses the impacts of supplementation on the wild stock and developed a captive broodstock plan that would maintain the natural genetic variation found in the wild populations.  Steps included:  (1) Conduct a literature review of information on the Kootenai River white sturgeon population and other sturgeon populations; (2) construct brookstock development plans for the Kootenai River white sturgeon and the Kootenai River rainbow trout populations; (3) Determine the impacts of supplementation on the wild Kootenai River white sturgeon; (4) Develop a breeding plan for the captive broodstock to maintain the long-term fitness of the Kootenai River white sturgeon; and (5) provide technical support for genetic questions related to the Kootenai River white sturgeon and the rainbow trout populations.

Publications:
A brookstock plan for rainbow trout will not be written because it is not needed at this time.Breeding Plan to Preserve the Genetic Variability of the Kootenai River White Sturgen DOE/BP 02886-1.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop broodstock development plans for the Kootenai River white sturgeon after a literature review of available information.  Determine the impacts of supplementation on the population.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Construct broodstock development plans for the Kootenai River white sturgeon after a literature review of available information.  Determine the impacts of supplementation on the population.

ProjectBackground:
If progress towards recovery is demonstrated, it is possible that the Kootenai River white sturgeon will have a lower priority for listing under the Endangered Species Act.

ShortTitle:
DEVELOP BREEDING PLANS FOR KOOTENAI FISH SPECIES

LongTitle:
Development of Broodstock Breeding Plans for Threatened Fish Populations in the Kootenai River


ProjectTitle:
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HARVEST PROJECTS

Publications:
Lower Columbia River Salmon Business Plan for Terminal Fisheries DOE/BP 39254-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop, plan and implement mutually agreeable projects designed to facilitate improved harvest of healthy salmonid stocks in the Columbia River while protecting either weak stocks or those covered by ESA.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop, plan and implement mutually agreeable projects designed to facilitate improved harvest of healthy salmonid stocks in the Columbia River while protecting either weak stocks or those covered by ESA.

ProjectBackground:
This project enlists the assistance of Salmon For All, a nonprofit organization of non-Treaty commercial gillnet fishers, salmon processors, and salmon buyers.  Salmon For All is to assist BPA in:    1.  Developing, implementing, and administering a 1993 gillnet lease-back demonstration project.    2.  Developing a comprehensive harvest program to restructure Zone 1-5  harvest to allow harvest of strong stocks while providing greater protection of weak stocks.

ShortTitle:
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF HARVEST PROJECTS

LongTitle:
Development and Implementation of Harvest Projects


ProjectTitle:
SURVIVAL EST FOR PASSAGE THROUGH DAMS/RESERVOIRS

Milestones:
In 1993, the Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, National Marine Fisheries Service in collaboration with the Center for Quantitative Science, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, successfully tested methodologies to measure the survival of juvenile salmon as they pass through dams and reservoirs of the Snake River system.In 1994, the Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, National Marine Fisheries Service in collaboration with the Center for Quantitative Science, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, completed the second year of a multi-year study to estimate survival of juvenile salmonids passing through the dams and reservoirs of the Snake River.Actively migrating smolts were collected at selected locations above, at, and below Lower Granite Dam, tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and released to continue their migration.  Individual smolts were subsequently detected at PIT-tag detection facilities at Lower Granite, Little Goose, Lower Monumental, and McNary Dams.  Survival estimates were calculated using the Single-Release, Modified Single-Release, and Paired-Release Models.In contrast to the 1993 study, which estimated survival only for hatchery chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) over a small fraction of the migration, the 1994 research was extended to include releases of wild yearling chinook salmon (Note: also research was extended to include releases of hatchery steelhead under another component funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers).  Releases of tagged fish spanned a greater portion of the juvenile migration than in 1993, and survival probabilities were estimated for a larger stretch of the Snake River.Primary releases consisted of 10 groups of hatchery yearling chinook salmon (542 to 1,196 per group) and 1 group of 512 wild yearling chinook salmon purse seined, PIT tagged, and released near Silcott Island (located about 10 km from the head of Lower Granite Reservoir).Secondary releases consisted of replicate groups of hatchery yearling chinook salmon released in turbine intakes, collection channels of juvenile bypass facilities, and bypass flumes (downstream of the PIT-tag detectors) at Lower Granite, Little Goose, and Lower Monumental Dams.  Release of these groups was timed to coincide with the approximate time of passage of the primary release groups at each dam.  Fish for secondary releases were collected in the juvenile collection and bypass facilities at the dam where they were released.During the spring migration, slide gates triggered by PIT-tag detectors at Lower Granite, Little Goose, and Lower Monumental Dams automatically returned approximately 80% of PIT-tagged smolts to the Snake River.  This allowed multiple detections at downstream dams of fish from the primary and secondary release groups and of PIT-tagged salmonids released from hatcheries and trap sites upstream from Lower Granite Dam.During 1995, we moved the primary release site further upstream to the Red Wolf Bridge near Clarkston and planned releases of PIT-tagged hatchery chinook salmon every other day throughout the migration.  Releases for post-detection bypass evaluations are planned at Lower Granite and Lower Monumental Dams.

Publications:
Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids through Snake River Dams and Reservoirs, 1994 DOE/BP 10891-1;   
Survival Estimates for the Passage of Juvenile Salmonids through Snake River Dams and Reservoirs, 1994 DOE/BP 10891-2;   
Survival Estimates for the Passage of Yearling Chinook Salmon and Steelhead through Snake River Dams and Reservoirs, 1995 DOE/BP 10891-3

Results:
As in 1993, assumptions of the Single Release and Paired-Release Models were generally satisfied in 1994.  The results indicated that 1) detecting a fish at an upstream site did not influence the probability of its subsequent detection downstream, 2) detection did not influence subsequent survival.  Moreover, post-detection bypass releases indicated nonsignificant mortality occurred after bypass fish were detected in the bypass and before they remixed with fish using other passage routes.  Accordingly, the Single Release Model was used to estimate survival probabilities for the primary release groups.Precise survival estimates for a large portion of the 1994 hatchery yearling chinook salmon migration were obtained.  Mortality from the head of Lower Granite Reservoir to the tailrace of Lower Granite Dam was approximately 10% for hatchery and wild yearling chinook salmon with low inter-replicate variability.  Because this estimate included mortality associated with dam passage via turbines, bypass or spill, as well as reservoir mortality, it appeared that relative little mortality occurred in the reservoir.The river sections over which survival was estimated represent about 64% of the distance from the head of Lower Granite Reservoir to the confluence of the Snake and Columbia Rivers.  The estimated survival probability from Silcott Island to Lower Monumental tailrace (143 km) was 66% for hatchery chinook salmon and 73% for wild chinook salmon.Survival estimates for PIT-tagged smolts released from hatcheries upstream of Lower Granite Dam were also calculated.  Survival probability estimates to Lower Granite Dam tailrace for hatchery releases were lower than for our primary releases and generally appeared to be inversely proportional to the distance from the hatcheries to Lower Granite Dam.In conclusion, we believe that accurate and precise estimates of system survival from an upstream release site in the Snake River basin to the tailraces of Lower Granite, Little Goose, or Lower Monumental Dams are now possible using the Single Release, Modified Single Release and Paired-Release methodologies with PIT-tag diversion systems in place and with sufficient release numbers.  This will permit exploration of the relationships among smolt survival, smolt travel time, smolt quality, and environmental conditions encountered during migration.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide measurements of survival of juvenille salmon as they pass through lower Snake dams and reservoirs

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide measurements of survival of juvenille salmon as they pass through lower Snake dams and reservoirs

ProjectBackground:
The objectives of this project:    1.  To provide a valid method of estimating juvenile salmon survival with measurable precision that researchers may subsequently use to explore such topics as the relationship between flow and survival, and causes of mortality in certain reaches of the Columbia River system.    2.  To apply this methodology to secure reliable historical records of reach survival within selected reaches of the Snake and Columbia River for a variety of hatchery-reared and wild stocks, spanning a spectrum of water-years, and relate these estimates to environmental and biological variables.

ShortTitle:
SMOLT SURVIVAL ESTIMATES THROUGH DAMS & RESERVOIRS

LongTitle:
Survival Estimates for the Passageof Juvenile Salmonids Through Dams and Reservoirs


ProjectTitle:
BUCK HOLLOW WATERSHED ENHANCEMENT (SWCD)

Milestones:
BPA approved a combined 3 year effort beginning in 1993.  SWCDs received some additional funding for Buck Hollow during 1990-1993 from Northwest Steelheaders, Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation, and Pacific Gas Transmission Company.  In 1994 the NRCS Small Watershed Program (PL-566) was approved to provide accelerated land treatment assistance.  The first contracts under the Small Watershed Program were written in 1995.  Significant fish stream improvement implementation began in 1995 with BPA funding.  Some stream bank stabilization using juniper rip rap has been accomplished.  Riparian pastures have been created to accelerate vegetation improvement on approximately 3 miles of steam.  This has been done in conjunction with development of rest, rotation grazing management systems.   December 1994: Complete Work on upper 3 miles of stream.  Jan-Apr 1995:  Incorporate detailed landowner needs in planning implementation on 5 miles of stream and acquire necessary permits;  June 1994:  Start fish habitat work;  December 1995:  Complete work on 5 miles of stream.

Results:
Improved agricultural practices, improved stream habitat, water containment structures.

ProjectShortDescription:
Implement  fisheries and watershed restoration projects to improve riparian and instream habitat in the Buck Hollow Watershed.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Implement  fisheries and watershed restoration projects to improve riparian and instream habitat in the Buck Hollow Watershed.

ProjectBackground:
When project  implementation was begun in 1991, anadromous fish populations had reached an all time low.  Annual summer steelhead production was about 100 out of an estimated potential of 1600 per year.  The 1985-1992 drought was a direct contributor to the declining trend, but not the root cause.  In general, overgrazing by the sheep and cattle industry since the late 1800's had set the watershed up for the severe damage sustained in 1964 and other runoff events.  Land management practices had, in general, precluded vegetative recovery following in 1978 flood.  Habitat restoration proposals submitted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to the Northwest Power Planning Council and Bonneville Power Administration in the early 1980's highlighted their concern about Buck Hollow and neighboring Bakeover Creeks.  Following meetings between ODFW, Sherman, and Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD), local farmer and ranchers in the watershed recognized the stream was in trouble.  In the mid 1980's they sought assistance from the SWCDs.  The passage of the 1985 Farm Bill which implemented the Conservation Reserve Program and mandated specific goals on highly erodible farmland required the full attention of the conservation districts and their principle technical support, the Soil Conservation Service.  Buck Hollow was placed on the "back burner."  By 1990 the Conservation Reserve Program and other provisions of the Food Security Act were implemented and attention returned to the problems of the Buck Hollow Watershed.  The Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Commission approved a planning grant to Sherman SWCD for the Buck Hollow project.  Sherman SWCD invited the Wasco County SWCD to participate in a joint Watershed Enhancement Project.  The Soil Conservation Service assigned an interdisciplinary planning team to assist with identifying and recommending solutions to problems in Buck Hollow.  In 1988 the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) published a stream condition assessment covering problems with streams throughout Oregon.  The DEQ report cited problems in Buck Hollow as being severe.  Individual meetings with the 52 landowners in the watershed was begun.  Landowner inputs on the project were obtained including observed natural resource problems and potential solutions, as well as their objectives for improving their land.  The Conservation districts requested Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Bureau of Land Management, the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, and Division of State Lands participation in the watershed project.  By this time a full state of problems in the watershed had been identified along with potential solutions.  In 1991 implementation of Phase One (demonstration phase) of the Buck Hollow Watershed Enhancement project was begun under the auspices of the Sherman and Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation Districts with a grant provided by the Oregon Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board (GWEB).  
This project's objectives are to develop a comprehensive land management plan for the Buck Hollow Watershed.  Eventually leading to the implementation of aquatic and riparian restoration projects.  This project’s predates BPA funding.  The Buck Hollow Watershed effort began in 1991.  At that time anadromous fish populations had reached an all time low.  Annual summer steelhead production was about 100 out of an estimated potential of 1600 per year.  The 1985-1992 drought was a direct contributor to the declining trend, but not the root cause.  In general, overgrazing by the sheep and cattle industry since the late 1800's had set the watershed up for the severe damage sustained in 1964 and other runoff events.  Land management practices had, in general, precluded vegetative recovery following the 1978 flood.  Habitat restoration proposals submitted by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to the Northwest Power Planning Council and Bonneville Power Administration in the early 1980's highlighted their concern about Buck Hollow and neighboring Bakeoven Creeks.  Following meetings between ODFW, Sherman and Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD), local farmers and ranchers in the watershed recognized the stream was in trouble.  In the mid 1980's they sought assistance from the SWCDs.  The passage of the 1985 Farm Bill which implemented the Conservation Reserve Program and mandated specific goals on highly erodible farmland required the full attention of the conservation districts and their principle technical support, the Soil Conservation Service.  Buck Hollow was placed on the "back burner."  by 1990 the Conservation Reserve Program and other provisions of the Food Security Act were implemented and attention returned to the problems of the Buck Hollow Watershed.  The Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Commission approved a planning grant to Sherman SWCD for the Buck Hollow project.  Sherman SWCD invited the Wasco County SWCD to participate in a joint Watershed Enhancement Project.  The soil Conservation Service assigned an interdisciplinary planning team to assist with identifying and recommending solutions to problems in Buck Hollow.  In 1988 the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) published a stream condition assessment covering problems with streams throughout Oregon.  The DEQ report cited problems in Buck Hollow as being severe.  Individual meetings with the 52 landowners in the watershed was begun.  Landowner inputs on the project were obtained including observed natural resource problems and potential solutions, as well as their objectives for improving their land.  The Conservation districts requested Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Bureau of Land Management, the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, and Division of State Lands participation in the watershed project.  By this time a full slate of problems in the watershed had been identified along with potential solutions.  In 1991 implementation of Phase One (demonstration phase) of the Buck Hollow Watershed Enhancement project was begun under the auspices of the Sherman and Wasco County Soil and Water Conservation Districts with a grant provided by the Oregon Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board (GWEB).  Subsequently, GWEB grants were approved for phase 2, 3, and 4.  In 1991 the SWCDs briefed the Northwest Power Planning Council on Buck Hollow and Bakeoven Watersheds.  In 1992 ODFW and SWCDs submitted proposals to Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for Fish Habitat restoration work on Buck Hollow Creek.

LongTitle:
Buck Hollow Watershed Enhancement and Fish Habitat Project


ProjectTitle:
SANDY RIVER WATERSHED AND HABITAT RESTORATION

Milestones:
Due to the level of funding the prime activity centered on developing a model plan of right-of-way management plan.  There were no funds for implementation.

ProjectShortDescription:
Implement the rehabilitation plan developed for the Sandy River BPA powerline right of way.   Improve anadromous fish habitat through riparian and upland vegetation management, erosion control and road obliteration/improvements.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Implement the rehabilitation plan developed for the Sandy River BPA powerline right of way.   Improve anadromous fish habitat through riparian and upland vegetation management, erosion control and road obliteration/improvements.

ProjectBackground:
The Sandy River watershed had been impacted by the BPA right-of-way.  Vegetation management and erosion associated with access roads (both those in use and those abandoned) were special concerns.  The original intent was to develop and implement a restoration plan.

ShortTitle:
SANDY RIVER BASIN BPA RIGHT-OF-WAY STUDY

LongTitle:
Sandy River Subbasin BPA Powerline Right-Of-Way Study


ProjectTitle:
UMATILLA RIVER BASIN ANADROMOUS FISH PROJECT

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the Umatilla River Basin Anadromous fish projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the Umatilla River Basin Anadromous fish projects.

ShortTitle:
BPA - UMATILLA RIVER BASIN ANADROMOUS FISH PROJECT

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Umatilla River Basin Anadromous Fish Project


ProjectTitle:
S FK SALMON RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH ENHANCEMENT

Milestones:
Worked on reducing sediment in the South Fork of the Salmon River and two of its tributaries, Johnson Creek and Lake Creek.

Results:
Improved stream habitat with the potential benefit to summer Chinook as an increase in smolt production of 223,774; and to summer steelhead, 13,805.

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase summer chinook and steelhead production by reducing sediment loading and providing habitat diversity (fencing) in the South Fork of the Salmon River Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase summer chinook and steelhead production by reducing sediment loading and providing habitat diversity (fencing) in the South Fork of the Salmon River Basin.

ProjectBackground:
There was the potential of increased Chinook and salmon production by reducing sediment loading and providing habitat diversity.

ShortTitle:
S FK SALMON RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH ENHANCEMENT

LongTitle:
South Fork Salmon River Anadromous Fish Habitat Enhancement and Antimony Mine Restoration


ProjectShortDescription:
Project funded through another project number.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Project funded through another project number.


Milestones:
BPA contributed $287,000 towards the acquisition of 314 acres, the Little Ponderosa Ranch, along the Red River in Idaho.  Implementation of restoration activities will follow.

ProjectShortDescription:
Fund transfer to IDFG toward the purchase of the Little Ponderosa Ranch on Red River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Fund transfer to IDFG toward the purchase of the Little Ponderosa Ranch on Red River.  This was a cost share project.  BPA contributed $287,000 towards the 314 acres of riparian land.

ProjectBackground:
PA had been funding projects for some time for the improvement of the Red River.  Little Ponderosa Ranch had an extensive area valuable for both fish and wildlife..

ShortTitle:
LITTLE PONDEROSA RANCH PURCHASE, RED RIVER MEADOW

LongTitle:
Little Ponderosa Ranch Purchase, Red River Meadow


Milestones:
The preliminary plan will be completed on March 15, 1996 and plans are to initiate stream restoration work in June, 1996.

ProjectShortDescription:
Restore natural river functions, fisheries habitat, and riparian shrub communities in lower Red River Meadow that have been degraded over time by reconnecting historic stream meanders that were cut off by dredging activity and by reestablising native riparian shrub communities to provide bank stabilization, cover, and temperature control.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Restore natural river functions, fisheries habitat, and riparian shrub communities in lower Red River Meadow. Reconnect historic stream meanders.  Re-establish riparian  communities to provide bank stabilization, cover, and temperature control.

ProjectBackground:
Red River is a tributary of the South Fork Clearwater River, an important anadromous fisheries production stream in central Idaho.  The lower meadow contains 4.4 miles of steam channel which flows through four parcels of state and private land.  In 1994 BPA and Idaho Soil and Water Conservation District (ISWCD) joined in partnership with Idaho Fish and Game to purchase the Little Ponderosa Ranch for chinook salmon mitigation required under the Endangered Species Act.  The Ranch is managed as the Red River WMA and is dedicated to fish and wildlife enhancement.  Goals of this project are  to improve Red Riverstream conditions for fish through channel reconstruction and bank stabilization; through riparian zone protection and improved land management practices. 
This project continues the long-term effort of state and federal agencies to rebuild fish populations and restore fish habitat in the South Fork Clearwater River Basin.  Since 1984 the Nez Perce National Forest and BPA have invested 1.2 million dollars on chinook salmon and steelhead trout habitat in this basin.  The lower meadow project extends this effort on state and private lands and recognizes the leadership of a grass roots organization, the Idaho Soil and Water Conservation District, in providing the linkage to the private land owner.  To date the project has completed planning and design and  is ready to initiate implementation in the summer of 1996.

ShortTitle:
RED RIVER RESTORATION (LITTLE PONDEROSA RANCH)

LongTitle:
Lower Red River Meadow Restoration (Little Ponderosa Ranch)


Milestones:
Planting occurred as planned and the sediment traps were emptied and improved. There is no 1995 activity other than operation and maintenance.

Results:
Steps towards reducing sediment outflow from Haysfork Glory Hole.

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase salmonid production using fencing, revegitation, and dredging at Hayfork Gloryhole in the Clearwater Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase salmonid production using fencing, revegitation, and dredging at Hayfork Gloryhole in the Clearwater Basin.

ProjectBackground:
Haysfork Gloryhole has been an ongoing source of sediment for a number of years.  Numerous projects have been completed which have improved the condition of the hillside, seriously eroding as the result of past mining activities.  The objective of this project is to further reduce erosion by vegetative plantings and fencing improvements to exclude livestock grazing.    Sediment ponds will be emptied to provide for additional collection of sediment.  An additional objective is to provide one time maintenance of a previously funded BPA project site on the nearby Red River. In the 1960's the Forest Service planted some conifers in the gloryhole.  No major activity occurred in the gloryhole again until 1984.  In 1984, in an effort to revegetate the gloryhole, the upper portion was laid back to a slope of approximately 45%.  The excavated fill material was cast over the side and not compacted.  A bench was constructed just below the upper portion.  The primary purpose of the bench was to carry water off the top portion of the gloryhole.  The entire area was seeded and fertilized.  Mulch was also applied in various locations.  The area above the bench was planted with alder and lodgepole pine.  Approximately half of the area below the bench was planted with alder and lodgepole at this time also.  There were several seeps which were buried by the uncompacted material.  This material (especially in the vicinity of the seeps) cast over the side had become a new sediment source.  Over 25 log sediment dams as high as 5 feet were constructed below the gloryhole within the next year, however these were full almost immediately.  In 1987 the water which left the gloryhole was diverted so it would enter two old dredge ponds just prior to entering Newsome Creek.  The capacity of these ponds was not adequate.  During some periods of high runoff sediment would flow straight into Newsome Creek.  In 1991 the area around the sediment traps adjacent to Newsome Creek was worked on.  One sediment pond was completely emptied.  Because the capacity of the disposal site was limited approximately only half of the second pond was emptied.  Approximately 800 cubic yards of sediment were removed.  An additional sediment pond was excavated above these traps.  A jack leg fence was constructed around the top of the gloryhole to exclude livestock and improve the revegetation and protect the curlex lining a portion of the bench.  At several locations on the bench water was not draining properly, at these locations either a small concrete lined channel was installed or curlex was applied to improve drainage while reducing erosion.  The area above the bench was fertilized.  All bare areas were seeded.  Approximately 1 acre of exposed soil was roughened by handtools prior to seeding, fertilizing and mulching.


ProjectTitle:
COST EFF ANALYSIS, MODEL ENHANCMNT & SUPPORT-RFF

Publications:
Recovery Planning for Endangered Salmon:  A Multiple Attribute Analysis DOE/BP 80397-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop method for recovery planning for endangered species through a multiple attribute analysis.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop method for recovery planning for endangered species through a multiple attribute analysis.

ProjectBackground:
Project goals: 1.  Analyze alternative rebuilding schedules for threatened or endangered stocks.    2.  Model dynamic elements of rebuilding salmon stocks.    3.  Conduct sensitivity analysis of flow/downstream smolt survival model results.    4.  Develop a cost-effective approach to monitoring and evaluation planning.    5.  Develop a preliminary analysis of program cost distribution and related issues.    6.  Outreach--training on analytical approach and communication of results.    7.  Preliminary research on and analysis of future modeling issues.

ShortTitle:
COST EFFECTIVENESS  ANALYSIS & MODEL ENHANCEMENT

LongTitle:
Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Model Enhancement and Support


ProjectTitle:
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE WITH THE LIFE CYCLE MODEL

Milestones:
Model updating, calibration and analyses for inclusion in NMFS/BPA consultation for '95-'98 operations.

ProjectShortDescription:
Evaluate biological impacts of hydro operations (Snake River Basin) through life cycle modeling.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Evaluate biological impacts on ESA-listed salmonids due to changes in hydro operations, climate and land use (Snake River Basin). Use empirically-based, peer-reviewed life cycle modeling.

ProjectBackground:
With listing of Snake River stocks under ESA, model development and analysis was needed to estimate adult returns under various hydrosystem operations. The increased intensity of consultations among the Federal, State, and Tribal agencies involved in Endangered Species Act (ESA) technical analyses leads BPA to expect that modifications to the Stochastic Life Cycle Model (SLCM) will be required.  BPA personnel have identified three potential modifications for modeling Snake River chinook stocks:    1.  Modifications of the SLCM code such that raw fish passage survival data may be used and such that use of 8 indicator salmon stocks may be incorporated into analysis.    2.  Producing a Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) routine to calibrate and transfer data directly to SLCM.    3.  Compilation of data on fish survival at various life stages and climatic data.  Production of a report on correlations within and between habitat fish survival, and ocean conditions.  Report to include discussion on feasibility of modifying SLCM code to account for any correlations.    Additional modifications may be required as consultations proceed.     Contractor is to provide technical assistance for data analysis and literature review to support changes in SLCM parameters, SLCM output analysis, and ANCOOR coordination.

ShortTitle:
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE WITH THE LIFE CYCLE MODEL

LongTitle:
Technical Assistance with the Stochastic Life Cycle Model (SCLM)


ProjectTitle:
N FK JOHN DAY ANADR FISH HABITAT ENHCMNT    - USFS

Milestones:
This project continued and supplemented the work done in 84000800. .At Granite Creek, foresters plan more rearing habitat and bank stabilization work.  Blocked side channels have be opened as fish rearing habitat in the North Fork, John Day River.  Cattle and sheep grazing is controlled using portable electric fence.  The exclosures are effective in grazing management of domesticated species.  The electric fences allow flexibility to graze a multiple areas and keep cattle out of riparian areas.  This technology protects work done in prior years while continuing to graze traditional areas.In addition, a study will use radio-tagged spring chinook to investigate patterns of distribution, movement, habitat utilization, and the use of thermal risfugia in the John Day subbasin.  The objectives of this project is to improve habitat quality for anadromous and resident fish species by restoring riparian vegetation and riparian ecosystem function in areas impacted by grazing. Radio tagging was used to identify the use of pool habitat by adult salmon during migration.  Photo points for the newly exclosed areas are established in adjacent upland areas.  Use photography to observe vegetative response.  Mensuration of created side channel habitat is another measurable benefit.  Assessment of smolts per square meter inhabiting created or augmented side channel habitat.  Smolt traps for out-migrating wild winter steelhead have not been used to quantify benefits.The electric fencing portion of the project protected approximately 46 miles of riparian habitat.

Results:
Gathered information on subbasin-specific life history patterns by tracking radio-tagged spring chinook once they reached tributary streams. Summer holding areas will be mapped and characterized.  Based on these distribution patterns, we will be able to discriminate between habitat used in managed water sheds, i.e., Middle Fork John Day River and unmanaged water sheds, i.e., North Fork John Day River.

ProjectShortDescription:
Resetting and construction of seasonal electric fence and construction of barb wire exclosure fences in the John Day Basin.  Continue instream improvements. Monitor fish use of streams and impacts of enhancement projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Resetting and construction of seasonal electric fence and construction of barb wire exclosure fences in the John Day Basin.  Continue instream improvements. Monitor fish use of streams and impacts of enhancement projects.

ProjectBackground:
Gold dredging operations began in the 1920s and continued intermittently until 1954.  The Forest Service's rehabilitation project began in 1979. Originally, USFS work in the North Fork of the John Day focused on repairing mine dredging damage in Granite and Clear Creeks which severely reduced salmon and steelhead populations.  Beginning  1982 with project 8200900 BPA funded efforts on a four mile stretch of Clear Creek, where spawning area was increased by the addition of 7100 cubic yards of gravel.  Additional projects (8339400, 8339500, and 8400800) continued the effort.  Instream structures, log and boulder weirs, increased the number of gravel -collecting pools. Streambanks where stabilized, and nearby  Blackjack Mine was plugged and it's seepage diverted to reduce toxic wastes leaking into the stream.  Revegetative efforts include planting shrubs, grasses, forbs, and moving boulders. About 1993-1995 it was decided to close  the then current project 8400800 and initiate this project to continue the effort.  However, as it turned out, 8400800 was not stopped and it has been funded concurrently with this project.  Similarly there has been confusion with the more recent project 9605300 which over lapped 9303800.  All three were funded in 96-97.

ShortTitle:
NORTH FORK JOHN DAY FISH HABITAT ENHANCEMENT

LongTitle:
North Fork John Day River Fish Habitat Enhancement


ProjectTitle:
JOHN DAY FISH HABITAT IMPROVEMENT           - ODFW

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase salmon production using fencing and revegetation on the North Fork of the John Day River.  This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase salmon production using fencing and revegetation on the North Fork of the John Day River.  This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.


Milestones:
Construction of two fish passage structures has been completed to allow adults and juvenile winter steelhead to pass water diversion barriers.  A total of 62 miles of riparian protection fence has been constructed to exclude livestock from 31.5 miles of Fifteenmile Creek and tributaries.  Approximately 669 instream fish habitat structures have been installed in Fifteenmile Creek and its tributaries.  And, two rotary drum ditch screens and 6 irrigation pump screens have been installed to prevent loss of juveniles to irrigation diversions.  We signed 8 riparian leases and constructed 7 miles of riparian exclosure fences in the 1994 field season.  We are also planning to do a bank stabilization project on a highly eroding stream bank to protect riparian fence that will be constructed.  In 1995 we will construct approximately 11 miles of riparian exclosure fencing and continue maintenance of all completed work.

ProjectShortDescription:
Restore spawning and rearing habitat for  wild winter steelhead in the Fifteenmile Creek Basin.  Provide O&M of the improvements constructed to date as well as the continuing implementation.  Implement additional riparian fencing and bank stabilization work.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Restore spawning and rearing habitat for wild winter steelhead in the Fifteenmile Creek Basin.  Provide O&M for the project sites.  Implement additional riparian fencing and bank stabilization work.

ProjectBackground:
In the period between 1987 and present, BPA funded habitat improvement work in the Fifteenmile Creek Watershed as project 86-79-01.  During that time, 79 miles of riparian fence, 899 habitat structures, four spring developments, eight fish screens, and three fish passage improvement projects were installed to improve winter steelhead habitat in an effort to increase natural production.  In order to be able to install these improvements on private land, landowners signed 15-year leases where ODFW (with BPA funding), assumed maintenance of the improvements.  This project provides for the operation and maintenance of these improvements.  The implementation of this project is ongoing and we expect to continue to sign leases through at least 1997.   Cattle and wheat ranchers as well as other land users have been educated on the importance of riparian areas. This has benefited wild winter steelhead as well as resident trout, but to what extent we are unsure without a more in depth monitoring and evaluation project.  The best evidence of the benefits of the restoration efforts on The Fifteenmile Creek Project is the photo point documentation that shows tremendous vegetative recovery of the treated riparian areas.

LongTitle:
Fifteen Mile Creek Habitat Restoration Project, 1996 Early Action Watershed Restoration Projects


Milestones:
The improvement activities were located from about River Mile (RM 57 to 65).  They included reconnecting an isolated river bend to the main stem Clackamas River at RM 59, introducing woody debris cover to the newly created side channel, and revegetating areas disturbed during construction activities.

ProjectShortDescription:
Improve the production of anadromous fish in the Upper Clackamas River by providing critical overwintering side channel habitat.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Improve the production of anadromous fish in the Upper Clackamas River by providing critical overwintering side channel habitat.

ProjectBackground:
BPA had been funding projects in the Clackamas River Basin for a number of years.  This project addressed habitat issues on the upper Clackamas River.

ShortTitle:
CLACKAMAS RIVER SIDE CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT

LongTitle:
Upper Clackamas River Side Channel Enhancement Project


Milestones:
The project began in October 1993 in response to Phase 3.  It has involved data gathering activities, extensive contact with affected interests, and preliminary identification of opportunities.  At the current time, the analysis to evaluate the relative merit of those opportunities is under way.  The benefits from the program will be identification of potential sources of water, their relative costs, and the relative magnitude of impacts associated with developing those sources of water.Initial study completed in 1994.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the feasibility of securing 1,000,000 acre feet of water from the Snake River Basin.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the feasibility of securing 1,000,000 acre feet of water from the Snake River Basin.

ProjectBackground:
This project implements Measure III.4.B.6.d(1) of the Northwest Power Planning Council's Phase II Amendments.  It will provide independent engineering, technical, legal, and other analysis to assist the Northwest states, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, BPA, and the Northwest Power Planning Council, working with advice and assistance from the Snake River Water Committee to prepare a report and recommendations for options to secure, by the end of 1996, at least 1,000,000 acre-feet of additional water from the Snake River Basin, using water efficiency measures, market transactions, and the like..

LongTitle:
Systems Operations Review and Endangered Species Act Analysis of Fishery Requirmenets


Milestones:
Pilot Water Acquisition Project Development:  EDF performed detailed analysis and negotiation with initial pilot project candidates regarding Snake water rights in Oregon and Idaho.  The largest single transfer of a water right to an instream flow in the Pacific Northwest was  consummated by BPA based on EDF's work with BPA staff .  The transfer included a lease with option to purchase involving nearly 10,000 irrigated acres near Ontario, Oregon.  EDF prepared analysis of the project and water transfer applications to the State of Oregon for leased water in 1994 and 1995 water years.  Leases transferred 16,000 acre-feet of water back to the Snake and Malheur Rivers during the 1994 and 1995 water years.  EDF has also performed scoping of other water acquisition prospects for river flows in Idaho and Oregon (Snake Basin) and Washington (Snake, Columbia, and Yakima Basins).    In 1994, initial estimates of the value of water to the hydro system were developed, and terms for optional acquisition of the water rights from Skyline farm were worked out.  
Energy and Environmental Benefits Analysis:  EDF worked with BPA and NPPC staff to develop a cost-effectiveness methodology for evaluating water acquisition and other water management options in the Snake and Columbia Basins.  EDF's April, 1995 report Water for Salmon:  An Economic Analysis of Salmon Recovery Alternatives in the Lower Snake and Columbia Rivers provides a cost-effectiveness ranking of salmon flow improvement alternatives in a variety of water storage, management, and acquisition projects in the Snake Basin.

ProjectShortDescription:
Analyzes and demonstrate the linkages between changes in river operations for salmon recovery and resulting changes in  Columbia River hydropower system production and air pollution levels.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Analyzes and demonstrate the linkages between changes in river operations for salmon recovery and resulting changes in  Columbia River hydropower system production and air pollution levels.

ProjectBackground:
This project was Initiated to study water acquisition for fish flows and hydro generation. BPA's Division of Fish and Wildlife staff and the Boise District office are developing an agreement with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) to gain their  help in conducting negotiations with irrigators willing to sell or lease their water outside of the Idaho water banks.  The Pilot Project involves up to 50 kaf of pumped water from the Snake mainstem on the Oregon side of the upper  end of Brownlee Reservoir (Skyline Farm).  The intent is to acquire the water at a reasonable price, arrange to shape it for fish, then determine its economic and environmental benefits as we pass it downstream (a draft Statement of Work for this work has been circulated for review).  Idaho Power's cooperation will be integral in our ability to shape such water.    An important part of this Pilot Project is to allow BPA, with support from EDF, to determine the fair market value of water we acquire.  Because of the unique aspects of the project, this can best  be done experimentally, by negotiating a pilot water lease, arranging to have Idaho Power shape the water, then modeling the benefits due to increases in hydroelectric generation and increases in water availability for fish.  Based on our findings we should be able to negotiate future water acquisitions, if any, from a firmer knowledge base.

LongTitle:
Water Acquisition Assistance Pilot Project


ProjectTitle:
BUCK HOLLOW WATERSHED ENHANCEMENT (ODFW)

Milestones:
A Buckhollow technical team was established to develop an implementation plan for the restoration of Buckhollow Creek.  The implementation plan derived was divided into four main elements.  Each element is necessary to meet the primary  goal developed by the technical team: to increase the annual return of steelhead to Buckhollow Creek from 200 to 1,000.  The first element is to design and apply grazing systems to both the uplands and the riparian zone.  The second element consists of placing fish habitat improvements where appropriate.  The third element, cropland conservation systems encourages landowners to apply cropland systems in the uplands.  Upland range conservation practices, the fourth element encourages landowners to apply water and sediment control basins where feasible.    Some stream bank stabilization using juniper rip rap has been accomplished.  Riparian pastures have been created to accelerate vegetation improvement on approximately 3 miles of stream.  This has been done in conjunction with development of rest, rotation grazing management systems.December 1994: Completed work on upper 3 miles of stream.

ProjectShortDescription:
Restore summer steelhead spawning and rearing habitat in Buckhollow.  Provide technical support and coordination for planning of watershed and fish habitat improvements.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Restore summer steelhead spawning and rearing habitat in Buckhollow.  Provide technical support and coordination for planning of watershed and fish habitat improvements.

ProjectBackground:
In the past Buckhollow Creek was recognized for its excellent fishery with runs of summer steelhead throughout the 28 miles of main stem.  Heavy grazing by the sheep industry in the late 1800’s followed by continuous cattle grazing led to the gradual deterioration of the watershed.  In recent years  (1964 &1978) intense runoff events have scoured out the stream courses, causing extensive damage to chinook and steelhead habitat.  Public concern prompted local, state, and federal agency assistance in habitat restoration efforts for the Buckhollow Creek watershed.    The Buck Hollow project began in 1991 by the Wasco and Sherman County SWCDs using a grant from the Governor's Watershed and Enhancement Board.  Several  subsequent grants from GWEB have since been used to continue the project.  In 1992 ODFW and SWCDs submitted proposals to BPA for Fish Habitat restoration planning work on Buck Hollow.  BPA approved a combined 3 year contract beginning in 1993.The objectives of this project are to develop a comprehensive watershed management plan for the Buck Hollow watershed while building cooperation between all parties in the watershed.  ODFW will be responsible for developing the stream and riparian enhancement section of this plan.  Eventually this plan should lead to the implementation of aquatic, riparian, and upland restoration projects.

LongTitle:
Buck Hollow Watershed Enhancement And Fish Habitat Project


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the independent scientific group plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the independent scientific group plan.

ShortTitle:
BPA - INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC GROUP WORK PLAN

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Independent Scientific Group Work Plan


ProjectTitle:
EXTENDED ANNUAL IMPLEMENTATION WORK PLAN

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder  for the annual implementation work plan.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder  for the annual implementation work plan.

ShortTitle:
BPA - EXTENDED ANNUAL IMPLEMENTATION WORK PLAN

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Extended Annual Implementation Work Plan


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder  for the expanded implementation planning rpocess.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder  for the expanded implementation planning rpocess.

ShortTitle:
BPA - EXPANDED IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING PROCESS

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Expanded Implementation Planning Process


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Snake River Area Office support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Snake River Area Office support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA - SNAKE RIVER AREA OFFICE SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Snake River Area Office Support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for O & M of Fish and Wildlife projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for O & M of Fish and Wildlife projects.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR O&M

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for Operations and Maintenance


ProjectTitle:
ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR NEZ PERCE HATCHERY

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Nerce Perce Hatchery effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Nerce Perce Hatchery effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR NEZ PERCE HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for the Nez Perce Hatchery


ProjectTitle:
ENGNERNG SUPPORT FOR YAKIMA SCREENS PH II

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Yakima Phase II screening effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Yakima Phase II screening effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEER1NG SUPPORT- YAKIMA SCREENS PHASE II

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering support for Yakima Screens Phase II


ProjectTitle:
BPA ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR NE OREGON HTCH

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support fot the Northeast Oregon Hatchery effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support fot the Northeast Oregon Hatchery effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT- NE OREGON HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for the Northeast Oregon Hatchery Project


ProjectTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL DESIGN

Milestones:
Designed the selective withdrawal system which will allow future installation to be done under low water conditions. Installation should follow when money for installation is appropriated by Congress.  The U.S.  Bureau of Reclamation fulfilled all of the NEPA requirements for the project under this contract.

Results:
Selective withdrawal of water from Hungry Horse Reservoir will enhance fish growth in the Flathead River downstream of the dam.

ProjectShortDescription:
Conduct a hydraulic model study and a hydraulic transient study. Prepare final designs and specifications for the required NEPA environmental compliance activities for a selective withdrawal system for Hungry Horse Dam.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Conduct a hydraulic model study and a hydraulic transient study. Prepare final designs and specifications for the required NEPA environmental compliance activities for a selective withdrawal system for Hungry Horse Dam.

ProjectBackground:
The design of the selective withdrawal system at this time will allow future installation to be done under low water conditions at Hungry Horse Dam.

ShortTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE SELECTIVE WITHDRAWAL DESIGN

LongTitle:
Hungry Horse Selective Withdrawal Design


ProjectTitle:
WATER PURCHASE ACQUISITION/LEASE FEE/PURCHASE OPT

Milestones:
Lease option is renewable annually until 1996.  Initial scoping meetings with local interests have helped outline environmental and economic issues.  Have initiated temporary transfer of use applications with Oregon Department of Water Resources.

ProjectShortDescription:
Pilot program to lease water from outside Idaho water banks to aid in fish migration.  Funds are for lease/purchase option fee, and purchase of a pilot acquisition of irrigation water rights for transfer to instream uses.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Pilot program to lease water from outside Idaho water banks to aid in fish migration.  Funds are for lease/purchase option fee, and purchase of a pilot acquisition of irrigation water rights for transfer to instream uses.

ProjectBackground:
The pilot program for water leasing was established to provide information and demonstrate the benefits and costs of water leasing as a flow augmentation measure.  Skyline farm water acquisition is a pilot project under this study.

ShortTitle:
WATER PURCHASE ACQUISITION/LEASE FEE/PURCHASE OPT

LongTitle:
Water Purchase Acquisition/Lease Fee/Purchase Option


ProjectTitle:
DEMONSTRATION OF CAPTIVE SALMONID BROODSTOCK TECH

Milestones:
1994-1995:  1)  Completed literature review and identified the most critical problems in rearing Pacific salmon and their probable causes:  a) low survival of fish to spawning; b) inappropriate timing of sexual maturation; and c) poor quality gametes.  Causes include inappropriate rearing conditions, diets, and growth regimes, and lack of disease therapy.  The literature review confirmed that little research has been done on genetic consequences of captive broodstock programs on Pacific salmon. 2)  Initiated experiments on: a) effects of rearing environment and nutrition on reproductive performance in sockeye salmon; b) effects of rearing temperature on growth, reproductive performance and immune function in sockeye salmon; c) effects of diet and growth regime on precocious maturation in chinook salmon; d) development of new drug therapies for bacterial kidney disease; and e) quantitative genetic problems associated with inbreeding and inbreeding depression.  Initial results on (a) above in winter 1996.

Publications:
An Assessment of the Status of Captive Broodstock Technology for Pacific Salmon DOE/BP 55064-1

Results:
Information developed during the proposed work will be transferred through scientific publications, presentation at scientific and technical meetings, presentations at other Columbia River Basin group meetings, by personal contact, and through annual progress reports to BPA.  Efforts will be made to provide constituent groups with the most up-to-date information as it becomes available.  In addition, annual program reviews will be held, and all interested parties invited to attend, where they will be presented with timely information and the opportunity to discuss research findings directly with principal investigators.

ProjectShortDescription:
Generate information needed to overcome some of the barriers that limit the yield of viable offspring from Pacific salmon broodstock reared in captivity; evaluate some of the genetic consequences of captive broodstock programs.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Generate information needed to overcome some of the barriers that limit the yield of viable offspring from Pacific salmon broodstock reared in captivity; evaluate some of the genetic consequences of captive broodstock programs.

ProjectBackground:
In response to Task 4.1.c in the NMFS Proposed Recovery Plan and to Measure 7.4D.1 in the NPPC F&W Program, this project develops information on barriers that limit the yield of viable offspring from parent stock in captivity and genetic consequences of captive broodstock programs.  The high fecundity of Pacific salmon, coupled with their potentially high survival in protective culture, affords and opportunity for captive broodstocks to produce large numbers of juveniles in a single generation for supplementation of natural salmon populations.  However, knowledge of effects of broodstock manipulations is limited and fish culture methods need improvement to minimize changes in genetic, physiological, and behavioral characteristics.  Implementation is conducted by a multidisciplinary research team that includes scientists from NMFS, University of Washington, NBS, WDFW, the Suquamish Tribe, and the NW Indian Fisheries Commission.  Cooperation of scientists with a wide range of expertise in one location increases the cost-effectiveness of this research and integrates various scientific disciplines into a sensible, comprehensive program.The project has two primary goals:    1.  to develop standard, efficient hatchery practices for rearing captive Pacific salmon broodstock that will yield the greatest number of high-quality offspring (those that are as similar to the founder stock as possible); and    2.  to determine the genetic consequences of captive broodstock programs for natural salmon populations.  The proposed work includes development of captive rearing techniques that control risks survival of Pacific salmon from fry to spawning adults, improve viability of fry to exogenous feeding, and enhance reproductive performance.    The work proposal has been divided into three major research areas:    1.  research on sockeye salmon;    2.  research on spring chinook salmon; and    3.  research on quantitative genetic problems associated with captive broodstock programs.  Research on nutrition, reproductive physiology, fish husbandry, and fish health are integrated into the proposed research on sockeye spring chinook salmon.

ShortTitle:
DEMONSTRATION OF CAPTIVE SALMONID BROODSTOCK TECH

LongTitle:
Assessment of the Status of Captive Salmonid Broodstock Technology


Milestones:
Legal services were provided through Kottkamp and O’Rourke of Pendleton, OR. and covered portions of 1993-1994.  The issues resolved were those concerning water rights, determining the extent of those right, the matter of transferring rights,  changing the use of those rights and analyzing the impact on other water rights holders as well as the real estate aspects of the transaction.

Results:
The legal counsel was provided and the water rights project implemented.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide specilized legal advice regarding a pilot water acquisition project and a lost opportunity habitat project (the Skyline Farm and Conforth Ranch in eastern Oregon).

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide specilized legal advice regarding a pilot water acquisition project and a lost opportunity habitat project (the Skyline Farm and Conforth Ranch in eastern Oregon).

ProjectBackground:
Specialized legal counsel was requested by the Office of General Counsel.  The Northwest Power Planning Council through its program had asked federal hydro managers to try and acquire 1 million acre feet of additional flow on the Snake River to benefit threatened and endangered anadromous fish. Such purchases or leases would present complicated and unique legal issues that BPA’s Office of General Counsel is not prepared to address without outside legal assistance.

LongTitle:
Land and Water Acquisition Legal Support


Milestones:
Funding available to the Coalition Members included carryover from previous years (unspent) and current year FY 1995 funding of $5.5 Million Dollars.  Dollars available for FY 1996 is $12.85 Million and for FY 1997 13.35 Million.   Dollars will be spent on current projects as identified in the AIWP and any new projects developed by Coalition Members for implementation in Washington.  Termination is end of FY 1997; however, unspent balances are available (and obligated) to complete implementation of individual coalition member's projects.

Results:
A number of project sites have been purchased and plans developed but these efforts are covered in other project numbers.

ProjectShortDescription:
Plan and implement WDFW's share of the Washington Wildlife Mitigation Agreement

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Plan and implement WDFW's share of the Washington Wildlife Mitigation Agreement. Acquire 15,485 acres at multiple sites. Enhance 100,609 acres of land owned by WDFW.

ProjectBackground:
Agreement was reached in Spring of 1993 and allotted $45.5 Million over the term of the agreement to the Washington Coalition (WDF&W; Colville Tribe; Spokane Tribe; Umatilla Tribe; Yakama Tribe and USF&WS) .  Dollars are to be spent by the individual entities on individual projects.    Rather than using land acquisition exclusively, a portion of this project will be used to enhance existing WDFW lands:  Scotch Creek 12,627 acres, Columbia Basin Wetland Projects 981 acres, Gloyd Seeps 361 acres, Sunnyside I-82 9,470 acres, Wenas 64,435 acres, Vancouver Lowlands 1,549 acres, Swanson Lakes 5,242 acres, Douglas County Pygmy Rabbit 240 acres (specific acreage for Desert, Gloyd Seeps and Quincy Lakes is unknown at this time.)  Additionally, WDFW pays in-lieu property tax and will continue to do so for these properties and those which will be deeded to it from BPA as a result of the Washington Agreement.  Currently BPA does not allow such payments to come out of this mitigation funding.

ShortTitle:
WASHINGTON COALITION WILDLIFE MITIGATION AGREEMENT

LongTitle:
Washington Coalition Wildlife Mitigation Agreement


Milestones:
1992: BPA funded 2 year study of overwinter rearing of coho in Youngs Bay net pens, per 1992 NPPC Program.  1993: BPA began 10 year, comprehensive investigation of terminal fishery expansion From l992-l997 this project is testing the efficacy of overwinter rearing of coho and spring chinook in Youngs Bay net pens.  From l995-2003 the plan is to test, rear, and fish in new terminal fishing sites.The first year of coho overwinter research returned 33,000 adults to Youngs Bay harvest (2.62% survival) in 1994.   

1993:  Initial year of current project study has resulted in selection of new sites for study at  Deep River, Steamboat Slough and Cathlamet Channel in Washington, and Tongue Point, Blind Slough, Clifton Channel and Wallace Slough in Oregon.
1994:  Began fish rearing experiments using Willamette stock spring chinook to overwinter in Youngs Bay.  Began studies of Rogue stock fall chinook in Youngs Bay.  Began extensive water quality and benthic monitoring program at new sites.  Began spring and fall test fishery monitoring programs at net sites.                                                      1995:  Deep River (Washington), and Tongue Point and Blind Slough (Oregon) were selected for implementation of pilot rearing studies.  Capitalization of the new sites with releases planned for coho (1993-95 broods) and spring chinook (1994-96 broods).  All monitoring programs continued.

Publications:
Columbia River:  Terminal Fisheries Research Report

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the feasibility of creating terminal fisheries to allow harvest of strong stocks while protecting depressed fish stocks.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the feasibility of creating terminal fisheries to allow harvest of strong stocks while protecting depressed fish stocks.

ProjectBackground:
The goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of creating or expanding terminal known stock fisheries in the Columbia River Basin to allow harvest of strong anadromous salmonid stocks while providing greater protection of depressed fish stocks.    If terminal fishery research proves successful, several benefits are possible:  1.  100-400 percent greater survival of existing hatchery fish when reared/released from net pens.    2.  Commercial harvest of hatchery fish with minimal impact on depressed wild runs--fisheries could be 90+ percent "clean."    3.  Potential for shifting non-Treaty mainstem fisheries to terminal sites allowing much greater escapement of ESA-listed and other stocks.

ShortTitle:
COLUMBIA RIVER TERMINAL FISHERIES RESEARCH PROJECT

LongTitle:
Columbia River Terminal Fisheries Research Project


ProjectShortDescription:
Determine  feasibility of  developing select area, known stock fisheries in the Columbia River basin to allow harvest of stron anadromous salmonid stocks while providing greater protection of depressed fish stocks.  Focus on Columbia River estuary tribs.


ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - BUDGET ADJUSTMENT - MAY 1993

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Budget Adjustment - May 1993


ProjectTitle:
UPPER SALMON RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH PASSAGE

Milestones:
This project involves working with irrigators both at their diversion sites on national forest land and on their own property by consolidating diversions, screening, installing headgates, improving water distribution to increase stream flows, and in some extreme cases acquiring water from willing sellers to improve passage past currently dewatered reaches.  A memorandum of understanding with the Lemhi County Irrigators is in place for the fish passage work on Carmen Creek.  An invert siphon will be installed either this spring or fall where the irrigation ditch crosses Carmen Creek to allow the stream to flow unimpeded to the Salmon River.  A cooperative project between the water right holder on the Yantis Ditch, the New Meadows Ranger District, Idaho Water Resources and this project is underway to prevent the dewatering of Boulder Creek (Little Salmon River drainage).  This will involve a headgate, permanent diversion dam and piping the diverted water about 3,000 feet down the ditch to prevent ditch loss.  We have began design on consolidating the two upper diversions in Valley Creek (VC-5 & VC-6).  Negotiations with the private land owners to provide additional flow in Alturas Lake Creek (a sockeye salmon stream) are proceeding.  Design of the new diversion in Alturas Lake Creek about 300 yards upstream of the old diversion dam (a passage barrier) will be coordinated with IDFG engineers.  Other projects to be developed on the Challis, Payette, Salmon and Sawtooth National Forests this summer include three headgates and ditch consolation in the Loon Creek drainage, survey of passage problems on the new Meadows Ranger District, the North Fork Salmon River and tributaries, and the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  Working with private water right holders and landowners is time consuming, but progress is being made.  Monitoring of the project consists of three parts:  1) photo point recording to record physical changes combined with an inspection of the project area during or after spring runoff,  2) physical evaluation of the habitat before and after project implementation to document changes in anadromous fish habitat production capability, and 3) adult chinook salmon spawning ground counts associated with project sites.

ProjectShortDescription:
Identify fish passage problems and implement appropriate habitat enhancement and passage restoration projects.  Potential projects include fishways, diversion headgates, improved water distribution, and acquiring instream flow agreements.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Identify fish passage problems and implement appropriate habitat enhancement and passage restoration projects.  Potential projects include fishways, diversion headgates, improved water distribution, and acquiring instream flow agreements.

ProjectBackground:
In 1993 the US Forest Service, Intermountain Region, contracted with Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to improve habitat for anadromous fish (Project 93-62 Upper Salmon River Anadromous Fish Passage Enhancement Project Agreement No. DE-AI79-93BO00818).  The Forest Service has began NEPA and BA (biological Assessment) reports for the projects in the contract with the start of construction planned for 1994.  The projects are designed to provide offsite mitigation for fish losses resulting from the Columbia River hydroelectric system.  Fish population responses are being documented by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) as a part of BPA Project 83-7.

ShortTitle:
UPPER SALMON RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH PASSAGE

LongTitle:
Upper Salmon River Anadromous Fish Passage Enhancement


Milestones:
Rather than using land acquisition exclusively, a portion of this project will be used to enhance existing WDFW lands:  Scotch Creek 12,627 acres, Columbia Basin Wetland Projects 981 acres, Gloyd Seeps 361 acres, Sunnyside I-82 9,470 acres, Wenas 64,435 acres, Vancouver Lowlands 1,549 acres, Swanson Lakes 5,242 acres, Douglas County Pygmy Rabbit 240 acres (specific acreage for Desert, Gloyd Seeps and Quincy Lakes is unknown at this time.)  Additionally, WDFW pays in-lieu property tax and will continue to do so for these properties and those which will be deeded to it from BPA as a result of the Washington Agreement.  Currently BPA does not allow such payments to come out of this mitigation funding.

ProjectShortDescription:
Planning and implementation of WDFW's share of the Washington Wildlife Mitigation Agreement.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Planning and implementation of WDFW's share of the Washington Wildlife Mitigation Agreement.

ProjectBackground:
Project goals: Identify Washington state and local wildlife mitigation needs, goals, and objectives, coordinate Federal, State, Tribal, and public outreach.  Develop project proposal alternatives consistent with WDW policies and NPPC wildlife rules.

LongTitle:
Columbia River Wildlife Mitigation Coordination Contract - WDFW


ProjectTitle:
ELECTEROPHORETIC ANAL OF SNAKE R O. NERKA

Milestones:
This project performed electrophoretic analysis of up to 1,000 fish from various collections of O.  nerka.  Samples that were to be analyzed include the following: 1992 Kokanee from Alturas, Redfish, Stanley, and Pettit Lakes; 1992 trawl samples of O.  nerka from Redfish Lake; new samples of O.  nerka from Warm Lake and Wallowa Lake; four new samples of O.  nerka from Oregon, which include some populations believed to have contained indigenous sockeye runs; additional 1991 and 1992 Redfish Lake and Alturas Lake outmigrant mortalities; adult sockeye salmon that returns in 1993; and presumed sockeye salmon that have been found at the traditional Redfish Lake sockeye spawning area.

ProjectShortDescription:
Increase production levels of the Genetics Project so that approximately 1,000 fish from various collections of O. nerka can be analyzed.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase production levels of the Genetics Project so that approximately 1,000 fish from various collections of O. nerka can be analyzed.

ProjectBackground:
This project will provide baseline genetic information on sockeye  O.  nerka populations in the Snake River and Stanley Basin Lakes.  Information is necessary to proceed with ongoing recovery efforts for Endangered Snake River sockeye salmon, especially the captive Broodstock Program.  Electrophatic analysis along with DNA analysis and otolith microchemistry will hopefully be able to separate the three forms of O.  nerka found in Redfish Lake and allow sockeye numbers to be increased.

ShortTitle:
ELECTEROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF SNAKE RIVER SOCKEYE

LongTitle:
Protein Electrophoretic Analysis of Snake River Sockeye (Oncorhynchus Nerka)


ProjectTitle:
GRAND RONDE,IMNAHA,JOHN DAY RVR TELEMETRY TRACKING

Milestones:
FY 1993:  Tracked radio-tagged fish  in the 3 basins from May to September,  completed habitat surveys for study areas.  A progress report was completed  10/93, and an annual report in June 1994.  Preliminary results were presented  to local biologists, land managers, and the public.  A formal presentation  was given at the Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society in February  1994.We began in 1994 pioneering an approach to examine the spatial  variability of stream temperatures using low altitude, high resolution  thermal infrared videography.  With this technology, we have been able to map  cold-water habitats and document there use by spring chinook.  This work was  jointly funded by EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers.  Preliminary results  will allow us to expand and refine our efforts.FY 1994:  Completed second field season, and assessed preliminary results in  progress report (10/94).  Peer-reviewed publications and annual report are in  progress, along with 2 masters theses (expected completion 1995).   Formal  presentation integrating telemetry with infrared work presented at AFS  meeting by graduate student, paper was winner of best student paper.

Results:
1.  Habitat selection by spring chinook salmon differs among the drainages of the North Fork, Middle Fork and upper mainstem drainages of the John Day River, Imnaha and Upper Grande Ronde basins.  This reflects differences in habitat structure and availability, and temperature.2.  High stream temperature limits the distribution of adult spring chinook salmon in the John Day basin.3.  Spring chinook adults in the Middle Fork JD are exposed to temperatures above the upper incipient lethal temperature for several hours daily during July and August.4.  The spatial character of holding and spawning distributions of spring chinook differed among the study basins.  In the North Fork, fish spawned over the same reaches used for holding.  In contrast, fish in the Middle Fork and mainstem spawned in limited upstream reaches often far from holding                       locations.  This may reflect habitat limitations due to warm stream temperatures and a lack of instream cover.5.  Spring chinook in the cooler streams, e.g., North Fork, Granite Creek, Clear Creek, Inmaha, and Wenaha spawn earlier (mid August through September) than salmon in warmer streams such as the Middle Fork and mainstem (mid September through early October). 6.  All radio-tagged fish were found in or frequented coldwater refugia in the Middle Fork John Day Basin.  Coldwater refugia were associated with groundwater sources and cool tributary junctions that we detected using forward-looking infrared (FLIR) videography.  Many of these refugia were pools.7.  The thermal patterns of the North Fork vs. Middle Fork John Day rivers were distinctly different.  The North Fork was homogeneously warm with isolated patches of cool water.  The spring chinook salmon carrying capacity, with respect to temperature, of the North Fork per linear unit of stream is about twice that of the Middle Fork.8.  The habitats used by the spring chinook salmon in the Middle Fork John Day River were almost exclusively pools.  Pools were still important habitats in the North Fork, but 15% of the habitats occupied were in riffles.  We suspect  that the cool water and better structures allows chinook salmon a greater diversity of adequate holding habitat in the North Fork.

ProjectShortDescription:
Determine the freshwater life history patterns and use of thermal refugia by adult spring chinook salmon in the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha basins.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Determine the freshwater life history patterns and use of thermal refugia by adult spring chinook salmon in the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha basins.

ProjectBackground:
The listing of Snake  River spring/summer chinook under the Endangered Species Act, during 1992,  heightened the need for managers to understand the characteristics of  critical habitats.  There is little data on subbasin-specific life history  patterns of adult spring chinook within the Snake River basin.  This study  will use radio- tagged spring chinook to investigate the patterns of  distribution, migration, habitat utilization, and the use of thermal refugia in the John Day, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha basins.Project goals: Examine the life history patterns of adult spring chinook in the Grande Ronde River Basin, using ratio-tagged fish.  This work will determine the migration patterns and pre-spawning distribution of adult spring chinook in these basins.  In addition, adult holding and spawning periods will be identified and quantified.  Objectives include:    1.  Determine migration pattern and distribution.    2.  Characterize and quantify the physical parameters of adult holding habitat. 3.  Examine behavior and spawning success of tagged and unmarked fish throughout the spawning reach.    This modification adds Geographic Positioning System (GPS) equipment to the project.  The equipment allows greater accuracy of fish locations, and rapid download to the GIS.

ShortTitle:
GRAND RONDE, IMNAHA, & JOHN DAY TELEMETRY TRACKING

LongTitle:
Distributiong, Habitat Utilization, Movement Patterns, and the Use of Thermal Refugia by Spring Chinook in the John Day, Grande Ronde  and Imnaha Basins Using Telemetry Tracking


LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  -  Budget Adjustment - August 1993


Milestones:
The Fred Gray tract (80 acres) was purchased for $72,500.  The acclimation site along the Umatilla River was developed. The remaining land is managed for wildlife purposes.

ProjectShortDescription:
Purchase of the Fred Gray Property.  This 80 acre tract was purchased with a two-fold purpose.  The prime function was to obtain an acclimation site for anadromous fish along the Umatilla River. The secondary function was to obtain wildlife habitat land.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Purchase of the Fred Gray Property.  This 80 acre tract was purchased with a two-fold purpose.  The prime function was to obtain an acclimation site for anadromous fish along the Umatilla River. The secondary function was to obtain wildlife habitat land.

ProjectBackground:
Although only a small portion of the Fred Gray property was needed for the proposed anadromous acclimation ponds, it was determined to purchase the whole acreage because of the wildlife benefits of the remaining acreage.

LongTitle:
Fred Gray Property Acquisition, Umatilla Basin


ProjectTitle:
UPPER COLUMBIA AREA OFFICE SUPPORT FOR F&W

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Upper Columbia Area Office support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Upper Columbia Area Office support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA - UPPER COLUMBIA AREA OFFICE SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Upper Columbia Area Office Support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Coordination and Review support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Coordination and Review support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA - COORDINATION & REVIEW SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Coordination and Review support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Financial Review Branch support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Financial Review Branch support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA - FINANCIAL REVIEW BRANCH SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Financial Review Branch Support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Supply support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Supply support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - POWER SUPPLY SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Power Supply Support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Resource Management support for Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Resource Management support for Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT FOR F&W

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Resource Management Support for Fish and Wildlife


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Supply support for ESA relative to Fish and Wildllife efforts.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Power Supply support for ESA relative to Fish and Wildllife efforts.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - POWER SUPPLY SUPPORT FOR ESA

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Power Supply Support for ESA


ProjectTitle:
BPA CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT FOR UMATILLA HTCH

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for the Umatilla Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for the Umatilla Hatchery.

ShortTitle:
BPA - CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT- UMATILLA HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - BPA Construction Support for the Umatilla Hatchery


ProjectTitle:
RESOURCE PLANNING SUPPORT FOR UMATILLA HTCH

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Resource Planning support for the Umatilla Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Resource Planning support for the Umatilla Hatchery.

ShortTitle:
BPA - RESOURCE PLANNING SUPPORT- UMATILLA HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Resource Planning Support for the Umatilla Hatchery


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the Yakima Hatchery effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Lands support for the Yakima Hatchery effort.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - LANDS SUPPORT FOR YAKIMA HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Lands Support for the Yakima Hatchery


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for ESA capital projects in Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for ESA capital projects in Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR ESA-CAPITAL

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for ESA-CapitalL


ProjectTitle:
BPA CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT FOR ESA-CAPITAL

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e BPA Construction support for ESA capital projects in Fish and Wildlife.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e BPA Construction support for ESA capital projects in Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BPA - CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT FOR ESA-CAPITAL

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  -  Construction Support for ESA-Capital


ProjectTitle:
BPA CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT FOR SPOKANE TRIBAL HTCH

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e.  BPA Construction support for the Spokane Tribal Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e.  BPA Construction support for the Spokane Tribal Hatchery.

ShortTitle:
BPA- CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT- SPOKANE TRIBAL HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - BPA Construction Support for the Spokane Tribal Hatchery


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for pre-engineering of selected projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for pre-engineering of selected projects.

ShortTitle:
BPAL - CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT FOR PRE-ENGINEERING

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Construction Support for Pre-Engineering


ProjectTitle:
BPA ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR YAKIMA SCR II

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Yakima Phase II Screens.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the Yakima Phase II Screens.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT- YAKIMA SCREENS PHASE II

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - BPA Engineering Support for Yakima Screens Phase II


ProjectTitle:
ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR HUNGRY HORSE HTCH

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the proposed Hungry Horse Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Engineering support for the proposed Hungry Horse Hatchery.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT- HUNGRY HORSE HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for Hungry Horse Hatchery


ProjectTitle:
BPA CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT - HUNGRY HORSE HTCH - MK

ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for the proposed Hungry Horse Hatchery.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal support project, i.e. BPA Construction support for the proposed Hungry Horse Hatchery.

ShortTitle:
BPA CONSTRUCTION SUPPORT - HUNGRY HORSE HATCHERY

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - BPA Construction Support for Hungry Horse Hatchery


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for capital expense for the fiscal year 1994.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for capital expense for the fiscal year 1994.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - NEW MEASURE - CAPITAL FY 94

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - New Measure - Capital FY 94


Milestones:
Construction of one or two wells to deliver up to 5 cfs of water.  The test drilling will occur midway between the existing upper well field and the lower spring water collection basin.  Water from the intermediate well field would    be pumped into the existing head box for temperature blending with the other two systems

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop a better water supply at Cabinet Gorge hatchery to add flexibility in controlling water temperatures.  Finish covering ponds to prevent stress and sunburn.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop a better water supply at Cabinet Gorge hatchery to add flexibility in controlling water temperatures.  Finish covering ponds to prevent stress and sunburn.

ProjectBackground:
The Cabinet Gorge Hatchery was a cooperative venture with Wash. Water Power, IDFG and BPA.  O/M is picked up by IDFG. The Hatchery was built in late 1980 and is on line.  Certain improvements are necessary..

LongTitle:
Cabinet Gorge Hatchery Improvements -- Intermediate Well Field


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the New Amended Program - Phase IV.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the New Amended Program - Phase IV.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - NEW AMENDED PROGRAM - PHASE IV

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Placeholder for the New Amended Program Phase IV


ProjectTitle:
INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC GRP CRITICAL UNCERTAINTIES

ShortTitle:
SCIENTIFIC GROUP ON CRITICAL UNCERTAINTIES

LongTitle:
Independent Scientific Group on Critical Uncertainties


ShortTitle:
WENAHA AND MINAM TRAPS, GRANDE RONDE BASIN


ProjectTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE MITIGATION - EXCESSIVE WITHDRAWAL

ProjectShortDescription:
Deep drawdown mitigation measures for Hungry Horse Dam.  Although this project has direct benefit to resident fish, it was not funded from the Fish and Wildlife Division but through a different BPA group.  Hence there are no contracts in the Fish and Wildlife Files.  In spite of the latter, it has still been mapped as part of BPA's resident fish mitigation effort.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Deep drawdown mitigation measures for Hungry Horse Dam.  This project was not funded by Fish and Wildlife  but through another BPA group. Hence there are no contracts in the Fish and Wildlife Files. Mapped as part of BPA's resident fish mitigation effort.

ProjectBackground:
This project at Hungry Horse will enhance and replace some of the biological productivity lost  due to excessive drawdowns on these two reservoirs the past several years.    One of the target species, bull trout, will be surveyed in several drainages to determine both illegal and legal harvest.    These costs are incurred due to the excessive drawdown at Hungry Horse and Libby Reservoirs due to power needs and not for flood constraints.

ShortTitle:
HUNGRY HORSE - EXCESSIVE WITHDRAWAL MITIGATION

LongTitle:
Mitigation for Excess Drawdowns at Hungry Horse and Libby Reservoirs


ProjectShortDescription:
Increase the monitoring and evaluation of sturgeon migration and spawning activities in the Kootenai River in relation to flow augmentation from Libby Dam.  (Placeholder - funds go to 88-64 and 88-65)

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Increase the monitoring and evaluation of sturgeon migration and spawning activities in the Kootenai River in relation to flow augmentation from Libby Dam.  (Placeholder - funds go to 88-64 and 88-65)


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for the annual project review.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for the annual project review.

ShortTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - ANNUAL PROJECT REVIEW PLACEHOLDER

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Placeholder for Annual Project Review


Milestones:
Completed Idaho screen shop construction in 1994.  Began screen fabrication and installation.  Submitted high priority project list to NPPC in 1994.

ProjectShortDescription:
Enhance passage of juvenile and adult salmon in Idaho's anadromous fish corridors by consolidating and screening diversions.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Enhance passage of juvenile and adult salmon in Idaho's anadromous fish corridors by consolidating and screening diversions.

ProjectBackground:
This project was started as a high priority ESA effort to improve screens and passage in Idaho tributaries with threatened or endangered species impacts.

LongTitle:
Idah Fish Screening Improvement: Upper Salmon River Anadromous Fish Passage


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for evaluating production potential and biological risks of supplementation projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for evaluating production potential and biological risks of supplementation projects.

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Placeholder for Supplementation Projects


Milestones:
Development of Model Watershed Plan - Final plan in July 1995.  Stream inventories completed in 1994.Preliminary project proposals developed in 1994.Temporary livestock exclusion fencing around reeds in Lemhi.  Increased awareness and development of project proposals initiated by ranchers for riparian management.Completed plan for restoration of three miles of Lemhi river.Completed water conservation plan (consolidation and construction of permanent irrigation diversions with fish passage)  in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation and coordinated all land easement negotiations.                                           FY 1995
1.   The Dowton/Chewning Fencing Project along the Pahsimeroi.  This project was completed in January of 1996 with approximately 1.5 miles of the river corridor fenced.  Funding was for materials only with construction by the Shoshone Bannock Tribes Salmon Corps.
2.  Parkinson Foundation Seed Farm.  This project was for a 50 percent cost-share and is 90 percent complete.  The project will be finished by April 1, 1996.                      

FY 1996
1.  The Gary Ingram fence is funded and planned for construction in the East Fork in May.
2.  The Star Coleman fence for .75 miles of corridor fence along the Pahsimeroi has been submitted for funding and scheduled for construction by the Tribes in March of 1996.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop Resource Management System (RMS) plans for land owners along the priority stream segments of the Lemhi, Pahsimeroi and East Fork of the Salmon River. The RMS would have the objective of maintaining or enhancing the stream side vegetative cover by controlling livestock grazing along the streams through best management practices.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop Resource Management System plans for land owners along priority stream segments of the Lemhi, Pahsimeroi & E Fk Salmon River. Maintain or enhance stream conditions by controlling livestock grazing, fencing, riparian planting, instream structures.

ProjectBackground:
Implementation of habitat maintenance, restoration and enhancement projects as identified in the Idaho Model Watershed Program for the Lemhi River basin, Pahsimeroi River basin, and the East Fork Salmon River basin.  Draft Model Watershed Plan (July 1995) identified restoration of passage to upper Pahsimeroi and Patterson Creek, and restoration/protection of riparian vegetation as major goals.  Both of these proposed actions were identified as key components to meet these goals.

LongTitle:
Idaho Model Watershed (Lemhi and Pahsimeroi Rivers) Habitat Projects


ProjectTitle:
PAHSIMEROI RIVER-PATTERSON/BIG SPRINGS FLOW RESTOR

Milestones:
Restored fish access by restoring a 300 foot dewatered section of stream.  A new headgate with fish ladder was installed on the Pahsimeroi along with a new metal screw gate on the Ellis division ditch to maintain 6 cfs flow in the 300 feet river section.  The water rights were then transferred to the main stem Salmon River.  This necessitated construction of an enlarged pumping station.

Results:
Restored fish access to 2 miles of Pahsimeroi River and 6 miles of Patterson/ Big Springs Creek.

ProjectShortDescription:
Restoration of instream flow to allow access to 8 miles of  stream in the Patterson - Big Spring area of the Pahsimeroi..

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Restoration of instream flow to allow access to 8 miles of  stream in the Patterson - Big Spring area of the Pahsimeroi..

ProjectBackground:
This project was a specific task within 9401700 which dealt with the Idaho Model Watershed Habitat Projects.  It was concerned with restoring flow on a dewatered section of the Pahsimeroi River and Patterson-Big Springs Creek.

ShortTitle:
PAHSIMEROI RIVER - PATTERSON / BIG SPRINGS FLOW

LongTitle:
Pahsimeroi River - Patterson / Big Springs Creek Instream Flow Restoration


Milestones:
About .85 miles of f riparian corridor fence were constructed along the East Fork of the Salmon River

Results:
Protection of 1.3 miles of the river. As the riparian zone recovers, more shade will be created thus lowering stream temperatures.  Eventually there will be input of large woody debris.

ProjectShortDescription:
Ingram fencing project on the East Fork of the Salmon River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Ingram fencing project on the East Fork of the Salmon River.

ProjectBackground:
This project was a specific task within 9401700 which dealt with the Idaho Model Watershed Habitat Projects.  This fencing protect added to an existing fence by extending both ends.

ShortTitle:
EAST FORK SALMON/ PAHSIMEROI HABITAT ENHANCEMENT

LongTitle:
Pahsimeroi and East Fork Salmon River Stream Habitat Enhancement


ProjectShortDescription:
Hanna Slough habitat protection and Lemhi River habitat enhancement.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Hanna Slough habitat protection and Lemhi River habitat enhancement.


ProjectTitle:
WASHINGTON MODEL WATERSHED HABITAT PROJECTS

Milestones:
Pataha Creek riparian habitat management prioritization project implemented in 1994.  See project number 9406500.  Asotin Creek off channel frost tree stock watering project; 2 acres riparian planting, 2 fish passage improvement structures, 1,000 feet riparian fencing.

ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for projects developed under model watershed plans for Asotin Creek, Pataha Creek and Tucannon River Basins.  However, all the work was done as task orders under other project numbers, i.e. 94-18-1 etc.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for projects developed under model watershed plans for Asotin Creek, Pataha Creek and Tucannon River Basins.  However, all the work was done as task orders under other project numbers, i.e. 94-18-1 etc.

ProjectBackground:
To implement habitat restoration and protection projects as developed in the Asotin and Tucannon Model Watershed Plan.

ShortTitle:
BPA - WASHINGTON MODEL WATERSHED HABITAT PROJECTS

LongTitle:
BPA INTERNAL - Placeholder for Washington Model Watershed Habitat Prjects.


ProjectShortDescription:
This project was not implemented due to adverse environmental conditions.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
This project was not implemented due to adverse environmental conditions.

ProjectBackground:
Stabilized the Tucannon River bank and provide instream fish habitat.


ProjectShortDescription:
Provide aquarium and chiller for Pomeroy schools; provide bank protection along Pataha Cr , restore skid roads and landing, armour stream crossing, build a fish monitoring station, retard gully erosion along US 12, replace culvert with bridge.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide aquarium and chiller for Pomeroy schools; provide bank protection along Pataha Cr , restore skid roads and landing, armour stream crossing, build a fish monitoring station, retard gully erosion along US 12, replace culvert with bridge.

ShortTitle:
PATAHA BASIN HABITAT IMPROVEMENTS - SEVEN SITES

LongTitle:
Pataha Creek Model Watershed - Habitat Improvements at Seven Sites


Milestones:
About 500 feet of eroding streambank were shaped and restored and planted. This was demonstration of non-structure streambank protection alternative.

Results:
Improved riparian zone. Demonstration to facilitate similar projects.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide vegetative planting and bank sloping on 500 feet of eroding streambank along the Tucannon River.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide vegetative planting and bank sloping on 500 feet of eroding streambank along the Tucannon River.

ProjectBackground:
Numerous small projects were undertaken as demonstration efforts in the Washington Model Watersheds. This task focused on restoring an eroding stream bank. The ultimate goal was to increase vegetation along the Tucannon river providing shade and cooler stream temperatures for anadromous fish.

ShortTitle:
TUCANNON HABITAT IMPROVEMENTS - RUBENSER SITE

LongTitle:
Tucannon River Habitat Improvements - Rubensen Site


Milestones:
Installed permanent fences, replanted riparian zone with native woody species.  Developed off-stream watering systems.  Three land owners participated in this demonstration project.

ProjectShortDescription:
Install permanent riparian fences and off-stream watering systems. Restore bank vegetation. Part of the Asotin Watershed Project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Install permanent riparian fences and off-stream watering systems. Restore bank vegetation. Part of the Asotin Watershed Project.

ProjectBackground:
Numerous small projects were undertaken as demonstration efforts in the Asotin Model Watershed.  This task focused on moving cattle watering away from streams.

LongTitle:
Southeastern Washington Model Watershed Improvements - Asotin Watering Troughs


ProjectTitle:
HABITAT SPRING CHIN, SUMMER STEELHEAD & BULL TROUT

ShortTitle:
HABITAT FOR SPRING CHINOOK, STEELHEAD & BULL TROUT


ProjectTitle:
HABITAT SP&FALL CHIN, SUMMER STEELHEAD/BULL TROUT

ShortTitle:
HABITAT SPRING/FALL CHINOOK, STEELHEAD. BULL TROUT


ProjectTitle:
HABITAT FOR FALL CHINOOK, STEELHEAD & BULL TROUT

ShortTitle:
HABITAT FOR FALL CHINOOK, STEELHEAD & BULL TROUT


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal overhead project, for the Fish and Wildlife Division

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal overhead project, for the Fish and Wildlife Division

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for  PJ (Fish and Wildlife Division)


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal overhead project, for the PJI Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal overhead project, for the PJI Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal - Overhead Costs for PJI Branch


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal overhead project,  for the PJS Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal overhead project,  for the PJS Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for  PJS Branch


ProjectShortDescription:
Funded internal overhead project,  for the PJW Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Funded internal overhead project,  for the PJW Branch of the Fish and Wildlife Division.

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Overhead Costs for PJW Branch


ProjectShortDescription:
Placeholder for Development of alternative, stock-selective harvest techniques. .

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Placeholder for Development of alternative, stock-selective harvest techniques. .

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Placeholder for Harvest Planning


ProjectTitle:
COORDINATED PROD/HABITAT - WILD AND NATURAL

ProjectShortDescription:
Request proposals to identify wild and naturally spawning salmon and steelhead populations and bring to Council for review.This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Request proposals to identify wild and naturally spawning salmon and steelhead populations and bring to Council for review.This project was identified in planning process but no funds were ever obligated for this project.

ShortTitle:
PRODUCTION /HABITAT - WILD AND NATURAL SALMONIDS

LongTitle:
Coordinated Production and Habitat for Wild and Natural Salmonids


Milestones:
At present, CRITFC has started to do this, and BPA is providing some funding to complete the work

Publications:
Status Report of the Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra Tridentata) in the Columbia River Basin DOE/BP 39067-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Assess status and survival limitations of Pacific lamprey, develop restoration plans and implement in Northeast Oregon and Southeast Washington.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Assess status and survival limitations of Pacific lamprey, develop restoration plans and implement in Northeast Oregon and Southeast Washington (Mainstem Columbia, John Day, Grande Ronde, Imnaha, Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Tucannon rivers.)

ProjectBackground:
The once-abundant Pacific lamprey populations are believed to be severely depressed or absent in mid and upper Columbia and Snake River tributaries where hydroelectric projects have created serious migration impacts.  To date, little attention has been given to the enhancement efforts for this species.  Depressed upriver lamprey runs have forced the tribes to gather this traditional food fish in lower Columbia locations and declining runs have impacted treaty secured fishing rights.  The tribes desire to see lamprey problems identified and restoration plans developed and implemented within 3 to 4 years.  A Review of the Pacific lamprey population status. A short review is in Appendix C-1 (Anadromous Fish) of the Columbia River System Operation Review draft EIS.  The NPPC would like to see a more thorough status review written.

LongTitle:
Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra Tridentata) Research and Restoration


ProjectTitle:
LOWER VALLEY CONSOLIDATED DIVERSION STRUCTURE

Milestones:
One permanent diversion structure was constructed to replace three push-up diversion dams.  The structure included a fish passage route built into it.  Work included installing new fish screens on the canals.

Results:
Salmonid passage problems in this area were resolved.

ProjectShortDescription:
Consolidate three push-up diversion structures into one permanent diversion structure on the Wallowa River (RM 22.5].  Develop fish passage facilities and screens.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Consolidate three push-up diversion structures into one permanent diversion structure on the Wallowa River (RM 22.5].  Develop fish passage facilities and screens.

ProjectBackground:
BPA cost shared in the amount of 32% of the project to mitigate for salmon passage problems due to irrigation pushup dams in the Lower Wallowa River Valley.  The other sponsors were the SWCD and the Watershed Health Program.

ShortTitle:
LOWER VALLEY CONSOLIDATED DIVERSION- WALLOWA RIVER

LongTitle:
Lower Valley Consolicated Diversion Structure (Grande Ronde Model Watershed)


Milestones:
Improvements were made over 3 miles of the Grande Ronde River by the addition of whole trees and root wads between Fly Creek and Time and a Half Spring.  The trees and root wads were not anchored by permanent holding devices.

ProjectShortDescription:
Improve salmonid fish habitat and provide diversity in the reach of Grande Ronde River from Fly Creek upstream three miles to Time and a Half Spring near the 5115 bridge [RM184-188] by adding whole trees with attached root wads and crowns.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Improve salmonid fish habitat &provide diversity in Grande Ronde River from Fly Creek upstream three miles to Time and a Half Spring near the 5115 bridge [RM184-188] by adding whole trees with attached root wads and crowns.

ProjectBackground:
Riparian habitat had been degraded and the fishery had suffered.  This was part of an effort to increase habitat diversity in the Grande Ronde River.  BPA cost shared to the amount of 22% with the USFS and Oregon Watershed Health Program taking the rest.

LongTitle:
Upper Grande Ronde River Fish Habitat Restorationt - Large Woody Debris Placement


Milestones:
Road which were not needed were closed to public use.  More important roads wee improved to reduce sediment production.  Priorities were set in consultation with ODFW and ODF.  Work included construction of additional drainage structures such as Utah dips, rocked dips, water bars, grade sags, and culverts.  Where feasible structures were armored with pit run rock to insure long-term function.  Major roads near or within riparian zones were rocked.

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop and implement a plan to close and restore unneeded roads in the Minan and Mount Harris areas of the Boise Cascade Corporation.  Improve roads retained through culverts, rocked dips, water bars, etc.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop and implement a plan to close and restore unneeded roads in the Minan and Mount Harris areas of the Boise Cascade Corporation.  Improve roads retained through culverts, rocked dips, water bars, etc.

ProjectBackground:
BPA  cost shared in the  amount of 67% of the project for road improvement on the Minam (15,000 acres) and Mt. Harris (24,000 acres) units of Boise Cascade which assumed the remainder.  The unimproved roads on these units are a serious source of stream sedimentation.

ShortTitle:
MINAM / MT HARRIS ROAD IMPROVEMENT- GRANDE RONDE

LongTitle:
Minam and Mt. Harris Road Improvement, Boise Cascade Lands (Grande Ronde Model Watershed)


ProjectTitle:
JOHN DAY DAM JUVENILE FISH MONITORING FACILITIES

ProjectShortDescription:
Develop a design for a juvenile fish monitoring facility at the John Day Dam and implement the construction thereof. This project was cancelled.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Develop a design for a juvenile fish monitoring facility at the John Day Dam and implement the construction thereof. This project was cancelled.

ShortTitle:
JOHN DAY DAM JUVENILE FISH MONITORING FACILITIES

LongTitle:
John day Dam, Juvenile fish Monitoring Facilities


ProjectTitle:
COLVILLE TRIBAL HATCHERY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

ProjectShortDescription:
This Colville Hatchery Project is being funded under project 85-38.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
This Colville Hatchery Project is being funded under project 85-38.

ShortTitle:
COLVILLE TRIBAL HATCHERY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

LongTitle:
Colville Tribal Hatchery Operation and Maintenance


Milestones:
The project will be implemented by holding a series of five workshops with local representatives of land and fisheries agencies and Tribes.  Each session will progressively produce a document of biologically based recommendations and tools for decision making.  Each work session has a clearly defined work product as well as a final set of documents and educational materials to present to the BOD.  Products will focus on analysis of in-basin fisheries/habitat productivity on an historical and present day time frame as it influences all life history stages of chinook salmon, and a methodology to identify limiting factors, strategies to address these, and a means to identify and implement priorities.

Publications:
Grande Ronde Model Watershed Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment DOE/BP 10331-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Utilize a six step planning process to analyze habitat in relation to all life history phases of spring chinook in the Grande Ronde Basin. Apply Ecosystem Diagnosis Treatment (EDT) methods to aid GRMWP in planning and implementing watershed recovery projects.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Use six step planning process to analyze habitat in relation to life history phases of spring chinook in the Grande Ronde Basin. Apply Ecosystem Diagnosis Treatment methods in planning and implementing watershed recovery projects.

ProjectBackground:
The purpose of this project is to assist the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) formed by the Grande Ronde Model Watershed Board of Directors (BOD).  Specifically, we propose to work with the TAC in their effort to identify and describe factors that inhibit achievement of fish recovery objectives.  This assistance would be generally modeled after the planning process developed by the RASP and described in "Supplementation in the Columbia Basin:  Summary Report Series" (RASP, l992).  Project began in 1994 upon request of Grande Ronde Model Watershed Board of Directors (BOD) to develop a methodology for a quantitative means to assess the need for and the prioritization of watershed fisheries projects.  The basis of methodology is based upon work done in the original Regional Assessment Of Supplementation Project (RASP) nine step planning process.  Now titled Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT).  If the process is accepted by the BOD, it will be applied to the remaining (Wallowa River and tribs) of the basin,

ShortTitle:
TECHNICAL SUPPORT - GRAND RONDE MODEL WATERSHED

LongTitle:
Technical Planning Support for Grande Ronde Model Watershed:  Regional Assessment of Supplementation Project  (RASP)


Milestones:
1992 - Prepared an overview report on the general structure, key assumptions and approaches, and parameterization of each of three salmon passage models.  1994 - Prepared reports detailing results of the 1994 model comparison workshops, explaining differences among model results presented to NMFS during the 1994 FCRPS ESA consultation, and describing a new analytical approach for determining biological requirements of listed Snake River salmon.

ProjectShortDescription:
Coordination and modeling to estimate fish passage survival.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Coordination and modeling to estimate fish passage survival.

ProjectBackground:
This project continues projects 8910801 through 05 under a single project number.  The effort and coordination of analytical methods began in 1989 under those contracts.  It provided modeling support for the Salmon summit. It is jointly funded by BPA and the National Marine Fisheries Service.  NMFS is the prime contractor with subcontracts to CRITFC, three state fishery agencies (Oregon, Washington and Idaho), and the CBFWA.  These representatives participate in a regional process known as ANCOOR (Analytical Coordination work group) which is tasked with modeling, model coordination and comparison.


ProjectTitle:
BACHELOR-HATTEN FISH PASSAGE LAND ACQUISITION

Milestones:
Bachelor - Hatton land acquisition for a passage facility.

ProjectShortDescription:
Land acquisition in order to provide fish passage at the Bachelor - Hatton site.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Land acquisition in order to provide fish passage at the Bachelor - Hatton site.

ProjectBackground:
This was a purchase through the Lands Branch at BPA and no contracts were issued through Fish and Wildlife.

ShortTitle:
BACHELOR-HATTEN FISH PASSAGE LAND ACQUISITION

LongTitle:
Bachelor-Hatton Fish Passage Land Acquisition


Milestones:
Smolt Monitoring Program design, Annual Reports, Weekly Reports, analysis, System Operational Requests provided to designated persons at the following agencies: Corps of Engineers, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and Bonneville Power Administration.

Publications:
Fish Passage Center Annual Report DOE/BP 38906-3

Results:
Collect and compile data used in the in season management of the FCRPS and coordination of the regions smolt monitoring program.

ProjectShortDescription:
Provide regional resource to successfully interface between fishery agencies, Tribes, and FCRPS operators.  Analyze and report smolt monitoring data and recommend operations for fish passage.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Provide regional resource to successfully interface between fishery agencies, Tribes, and FCRPS operators.  Analyze and report smolt monitoring data and recommend operations for fish passage. Implement specific actions required through ESA.

ProjectBackground:
The Fish Passage Center (Water Budget Center) was established in 1983 by the NPPC to design and implement a program to monitor smolt passage through the Columbia River.  With this information it was to make recommendations as to how water stored for fish was to be released in order to increase smolt passage at the mainstem dams.The purpose of the project is to:  (1) plan and implement the annual Columbia River Basin Smolt Monitoring Program; (2) collect and analyze monitoring data to assist in implementing flow augmentation, including Water Budget and spill planning; and (3) prepare the associated reports.    Downstream fish passage measures (303 a, b, c, d) of the Northwest Power Planning Council's Fish and Wildlife Program include use of flow augmentation and spill to improve survival of juvenile salmon and steelhead migrating downstream in the mainstem Snake and Columbia Rivers.  Section 303(b) of the Program specifically established a FPC to:  (1) plan and implement the smolt monitoring program (SMP) called for in section 303(d); (2) develop and submit flow and spill requests; and (3) collect and analyze monitoring results from the SMP and manage and store these data in the Fish Passage Data Information System.  FPC consists of the Fish Passage Manager and staff, and is the main program center for information on fish passage in the mainstem Snake and Columbia Rivers.  FPC will be the primary point of contact between FCRPS operators and fisheries agencies and Tribes on matters concerning flow and spill for fish passage.


ProjectTitle:
UPPER CLEARWATER - ASSESSING SUMMER/FALL CHINOOK

Milestones:
First year of five-year project completed.  Work was started on aerial photography and field reconnaissance to refine study reaches.  Contractor began evaluation of water temperatures and incubation timing that are critical to establishing summer and fall chinook salmon.  Study began on the quantity and quality of spawning substrate available.  The outmigration timing and growth rates for hatchery released summer and fall chinook salmon were studied.  Data was collected on naturally produced fall chinook outmigration timing and growth rates  in the lower mainstem Clearwater.  The second year of the project has been completed.  Fall chinook aerial redd surveys were conducted on the Clearwater and major tributaries, and on the Salmon River to help determine adult escapement and to obtain biological information from spawned-out fish.  Temperatures were monitored in the upper Clearwater and major tributaries to assess early egg incubation and juvenile rearing conditions.  Chinook salmon spawning habitat quality and quantity were assessed in the upper Clearwater and major tributaries.  An experimental study design to evaluate outmigration timing, growth rates, and survival of Lyons Ferry Hatchery fall chinook salmon supplemented in the Clearwater River was written, however no fish were available for research during 1994 and 1995, and will not be available for 1996.  During 1996, we will assess summer and fall chinook spawning and rearing conditions in the lower Grande Ronde River.  We will capture and PIT tag wild fall chinook juveniles in the lower Grande Ronde and Clearwater Rivers to assess movement patterns, outmigration timing, growth rates, and survival to the mainstem dams.  We will conduct fall chinook spawning ground surveys to determine adult escapement to the Clearwater, Salmon, and Grande Ronde Rivers.  The Bureau of Land Management has funded most aerial fall chinook surveys on the Salmon River for the past two years and has proposed to do so in the future.  First year of five-year project completed.  Work was started on aerial photography and field reconnaissance to refine study reaches.  Contractor began evaluation of water temperatures and incubation timing that are critical to establishing summer and fall chinook salmon.  Study began on the quantity and quality of spawning substrate available.  The outmigration timing and growth rates for hatchery released summer and fall chinook salmon were studied.  Data was collected on naturally produced fall chinook outmigration timing and growth rates  in the lower mainstem Clearwater.PHASE 1 (YEARS 1 - 2):Determine optimal spawning times for mainstem spawning chinook salmon in the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, Lochsa, Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers (February 1, 1994 - January 31, 1996).Quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate summer and fall chinook salmon spawning habitat at representative or critical spawning index sites in the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers and determine the extent of current spawning activity in all study streams (July, 1994 - December, 1995).Develop a summer and fall chinook salmon broodstock management plan which identifies appropriate brood sources for restoration, potential genetic risks, and a risk containment analysis for the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers (May 1 - August 30, 1995).Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of naturally produced and Lyon's Ferry fall chinook salmon in the lower Clearwater and Grande Ronde rivers to the lower Snake and Columbia River dams (June 1 - September 30, 1994 and 1995).Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of chinook salmon stocks (identified above) in the upper Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers (June 1 - September 30, 1995).PHASE 2 (YEARS 3-5):Quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate summer and fall chinook salmon spawning habitat at representative or critical spawning index sites and determine the extent of current spawning activity in the lower Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers.  Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of summer and/or fall chinook salmon identified in Phase 1 for the lower Salmon and Imnaha rivers to the lower Snake and Columbia River dams.  Develop a summer and fall chinook salmon broodstock management plan which identifies appropriate brood sources for restoration, potential genetic risks, and a risk containment analysis for the lower Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers.

Publications:
Assessing Summer and Fall Chinook Salmon Restoration in the Upper Clearwater River and Principal Tributaries DOE/BP 12873-1

ProjectShortDescription:
Assess summer and fall chinook spawning, incubation, growth, outmigration timing, and survival for evaluating recovery and restoration potential through supplementation in major Snake River tributaries:  Clearwater River and major tributaries, Grande Ronde, Salmon, and Imnaha Rivers.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Assess summer and fall chinook spawning, incubation, growth, outmigration timing, and survival for evaluating recovery and restoration potential through supplementation in the Clearwater, Grande Ronde, Salmon, and Imnaha Rivers.

ProjectBackground:
The Mainstem Clearwater River Study:  Assessment for Salmonid Spawning, Incubation and Rearing (Arnsberg et al. 1992) described adequate habitat for the recovery and restoration of the ESA listed Snake River fall chinook.  The Mainstem Clearwater River Study also made flow and temperature recommendations from Dworshak Dam to enhance habitat conditions for all anadromous species.  This study is a follow-up study for evaluation work needed in the upper Clearwater and tributaries, Grande Ronde, Imnaha, and Salmon Rivers to assess summer and fall chinook recovery and restoration potential.   Nez Perce Tribe was the original proposer of this project.  Its goal is to determine the feasibility of summer and fall chinook salmon natural production based on water temperatures, flows, and quality in the upper mainstem Clearwater, Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of South fork Clearwater, Selway, Lochsa, Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Inmaha Rivers and do develop broodstock management plan in coordination with others, evaluate spawning habitat, and investigate incubation timing, growth rate, and outmigration timing of appropriate stocks.      PHASE 1 (YEARS 1 - 2):Determine optimal spawning times for mainstem spawning chinook salmon in the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, Lochsa, Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers (February 1, 1994 - January 31, 1996).Quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate summer and fall chinook salmon spawning habitat at representative or critical spawning index sites in the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers and determine the extent of current spawning activity in all study streams (July, 1994 - December, 1995).Develop a summer and fall chinook salmon broodstock management plan which identifies appropriate brood sources for restoration, potential genetic risks, and a risk containment analysis for the upper mainstem Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers (May 1 - August 30, 1995).Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of naturally produced and Lyon's Ferry fall chinook salmon in the lower Clearwater and Grande Ronde rivers to the lower Snake and Columbia River dams (June 1 - September 30, 1994 and 1995).Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of chinook salmon stocks (identified above) in the upper Clearwater (from the North Fork Clearwater River upstream), Middle Fork Clearwater, and lower sections of the South Fork Clearwater, Selway, and Lochsa rivers (June 1 - September 30, 1995).PHASE 2 (YEARS 3-5):Quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate summer and fall chinook salmon spawning habitat at representative or critical spawning index sites and determine the extent of current spawning activity in the lower Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers.  Investigate the movement patterns, growth rates, and relative survival of summer and/or fall chinook salmon identified in Phase 1 for the lower Salmon and Imnaha rivers to the lower Snake and Columbia River dams.  Develop a summer and fall chinook salmon broodstock management plan which identifies appropriate brood sources for restoration, potential genetic risks, and a risk containment analysis for the lower Salmon, Grande Ronde, and Imnaha rivers.

ShortTitle:
ASSESS CHINOOK- CLEARWATER, GRANDE RONDE, SALMON

LongTitle:
Assessing Summer and Fall Chinook Spawning, Incubation, Growth, and Outmigration Timing in the Upper Clearwater, Lower Salmon, Grande Ronde and Imnaha Rivers


ProjectTitle:
KOKANEE IMPACTS ON LK PEND ORIELLE/DWORSHAK RES

Milestones:
The project received about $50,000 in funding from SOR budget before it was transferred into the Fish and Wildlife Program budget.  Only Fish and Wildlife Program funding shows in the historic budget data for the project.      Collected data concerning the possible effects of a higher winter operating pool level.

Publications:
Kokanee Impacts Assessment and Monitoring on Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho-Chapter 1, Kokanee Impacts Assessment and Monitoring on Dworshak Reservoir, Idaho-Chapter 2 DOE/BP 35167-5

ProjectShortDescription:
Monitor kokanee abundance and quality of spawning gravel on an annual basis. Assess the impact of Albeni Fall Dam operation on lake levels and the kokanee population. Gather baseline information on kokanee abundance so that when the Council's proposed  lake level changes go into effect, up-to-date monitoring has been done.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Monitor annually kokanee abundance and quality of spawning gravel. Assess impact of Albeni Fall Dam operation on lake levels and the kokanee population. Gather baseline data on kokanee abundance prior to the proposed  lake level changes.

ProjectBackground:
Albeni Falls dam changes lake levels winter depending on downstream needs and weather conditions.The Army Corps of Engineers continually changes the operation of Albeni Falls Dam.  Lake levels have raised as much as 5 feet after kokanee spawning (1994) and dropped as much as 2.3 feet (1986) after spawning.  Lake levels have changed to help downstream flood control and aid repairs on downstream projects.  In the Council’s program, 10.6E and 5.4D.7, lake levels will change once again to determine the effects on the reservoir’s fisheries and anadromous fisheries.  To monitor all of these changes, a project needs to stay in place which annually estimates the abundance of each year class of kokanee.  Monitoring kokanee in Lake Pend Oreille has been conducted under other BPA funded projects since 1985.

LongTitle:
Kokanee Impacts Assessment and Monitoring on Lake Pend Oreille


ProjectTitle:
ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR PHASE III PROGRAM

ProjectShortDescription:
Internal BPA project, BPA Engineering support for the Phase III program.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Internal BPA project, BPA Engineering support for the Phase III program.

ShortTitle:
BPA - ENGINEERING SUPPORT FOR PHASE III PROGRAM

LongTitle:
BPA  Internal  - Engineering Support for the Phase III Program


ProjectShortDescription:
Describe the biological criteria for the Yakima Hatchery design and operation that are consistent with the Project PSR.  Plan and initiate the development of an operations manual.

ProjectSummaryDescription:
Describe the biological criteria for the Yakima Hatchery design and operation that are consistent with the Project PSR.  Plan and initiate the development of an operations manual.

ProjectBackground:
The goal of this Intergovernmental Agreement is to provide BPA with Washington State Fisheries management/policy direction and scientific and technical services required to explicitly implement the adaptive management policy of the YKFP.  Work associated with this Agreement will be assigned Task Orders.    The contractor will be required to assist in the planning and implementation of actions to achieve YKFP objectives that relate to the established goal of using artificial propagation to increase the abundance of naturally reproducing salmonid stocks in the Yakima and Klickitat River Basins (Supplementation) and provide harvest opportunities.  This includes management/policy review, development of and amendments to, and approval of project objectives, strategies, and priorities.  It also includes technical literature review, research planning, experimental design, conduct of research and experiments, monitoring, data analysis, and report preparation.    Assistance will be required in development of criteria for design of project facilities, review of designs, and approval of the designs.  Additionally, the contractor will assist in the development, review, and approval of operational  guidelines for fish collection, monitoring, and production facilities.    Objectives include:    1.  Provide for management/policy development, review, and approval of project objectives, strategies, and priorities.  Initiate amendments to already approved project objectives, strategies, and priorities.  Provide for scientific and technical services for management/policy input to the YKFP.  2:  Provide scientific and technical personnel with appropriate skill levels to assist in project design, conduct of project research, conduct of project monitoring programs, development of innovative approaches and techniques for meeting project objectives, and the preparation and delivery of technical reports, both written and verbal.    3:  Provide scientific and technical personnel with appropriate skill levels necessary to review, project facilities, design, and contraction.    4:  Provide scientific and technical personnel with appropriate skill levels necessary to review, amend, and approve project facilities operation and procedures.    5:  Provide scientific and technical personnel with appropriate skill levels necessary for the review and compilation of historical and scientific/technical documents and information relevant to the YKFP.


